ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 299 Lichtenthaler, H.K., Rohmer, M., <strong>and</strong> Schwender, J. 1997. Two independent biochemical pathways for isopentenyl diphosphate <strong>and</strong> isoprenoid biosynthesis in higher plants. Physiol. Plant., 101: 643–652. Loguercio, L.L., Scott, H.C., Trolinder, N.L., <strong>and</strong> Wilkins, T.A. 1999. Hmg-CoA reductase gene family in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.): unique structural features <strong>and</strong> differential expression <strong>of</strong> hmg2 potentially associated with synthesis <strong>of</strong> specific isoprenoids in developing embryos. Plant Cell Physiol., 40: 750–761. Liscum, L., Finer-Moore, J., Stroud, R.M., Brown, K.L., <strong>and</strong> Goldstein, J.L. 1985. Domain structure <strong>of</strong> 3-hydroxy- 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, a glycoprotein <strong>of</strong> the endoplasmic reticulum. J. Biol. Chem., 260: 522–530. Lois, L.M., Rodríguez, C.M., Gallego, F., Campos, N., <strong>and</strong> Boronat, A. 2000. Carotenoid biosynthesis during tomato fruit development: regulatory role <strong>of</strong> 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase. Plant J., 22: 503–513. Maldonado-Mendoza, I.E., Vincent, R.M., <strong>and</strong> Nessler, C.L. 1997. Molecular characterization <strong>of</strong> three differentially expressed members <strong>of</strong> the Camptotheca acuminata 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR) gene family. Plant Mol. Biol., 34: 781–790. M<strong>and</strong>el, M.A., Feldmann, K.A., Herrera-Estrella, L., Rocha-Sosa, M., <strong>and</strong> Leon, P. 1996. CLA1, a novel gene required for chloroplast development, is highly conserved in evolution. Plant J., 9: 649–658. Mayne, S.T. 1996. β-Carotene, carotenoids <strong>and</strong> disease prevention in humans. FASEB J., 10: 690–701. McCaskill, D. <strong>and</strong> Croteau, R. 1997. Prospects for the bioengineering <strong>of</strong> isoprenoid biosynthesis. Adv. Biochem. Eng., 55: 109–146. McGarvey, D.J. <strong>and</strong> Croteau, R. 1995 Terpenoid metabolism. Plant Cell, 7: 1015–1026. Mustilli, A.C., Fenzi, F., Ciliento, R., Alfano, F., <strong>and</strong> Bowler, C. 1999. Phenotype <strong>of</strong> the tomato high pigment-2 mutant is caused by a mutation in the tomato homolog <strong>of</strong> DEETIOLATED1. Plant Cell, 11: 145–157. Narita, J.O. <strong>and</strong> Gruissem, W. 1989. Tomato hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase is required early in fruit development but not during ripening. Plant Cell, 1: 181–190. Neff, M.M., Fankhauser, C., <strong>and</strong> Chory, J. 2000. Light <strong>and</strong> indicator <strong>of</strong> time <strong>and</strong> place. Genes Dev., 14: 271–275. Nelson, A.J., Doerner, P.W., Zhu, Q., <strong>and</strong> Lamb, C.J. 1994. Isolation <strong>of</strong> a monocot 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase gene that is elicitor-inducible. Plant Mol. Biol., 25: 401–412. Newman, J.D. <strong>and</strong> Chappell, J. 1999. Isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants: carbon partitioning within the cytoplasmic pathway. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 34: 95–106. Paliyath, G., Whiting, M.D., Stasiak, M.A., Murr, D.P., <strong>and</strong> Clegg, B.S. 1997. Volatile production <strong>and</strong> fruit quality during development <strong>of</strong> superficial scald in Red Delicious apples. Food Res. Int., 30: 95–103. P<strong>and</strong>it, J., Danley, D.E., Schulte, G.K., Mazzalupo, S., Pauly, T.A., Hayward, C.M., Hamanaka, E.S., Thompson, J.F., <strong>and</strong> Harwood, H.J., Jr. 2000. Crystal structure <strong>of</strong> human squalene synthase. A key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem., 275: 30610–30617. Pechous, S.W. <strong>and</strong> Whitaker, B.D. 2004. Cloning <strong>and</strong> functional expression <strong>of</strong> an (E,E)-alpha-farnesene synthase cDNA from peel tissue <strong>of</strong> apple fruit. Planta, 219: 84–94. Pecker, I., Chamovitz, D., Linden, H., S<strong>and</strong>mann, G., <strong>and</strong> Hirschberg, J. 1992. A single polypeptide catalyzing the conversion <strong>of</strong> phytoene to zeta-carotene is transcriptionally regulated during tomato fruit ripening. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 89: 4962–4966. Peters, J.L., van Tuinen, A., Adamse, P., Kendrick, RE., <strong>and</strong> Koornneef, M. 1989. High pigment mutants <strong>of</strong> tomato exhibit high sensitivity for phytochrome action. J. Plant Physiol., 134: 661–666. Piironen, V., Dindsay, D.G., Miettinen, T.A., Toivo, J., <strong>and</strong> Lampi, A.-M. 2000. Plant sterols: biosynthesis, biological function <strong>and</strong> their importance to human nutrition. J. Sci. Food. Agric., 80: 939–966. Quail, P.H. 2002. Phytochrome photosensory signaling networks. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 3: 85–93. Reynard, G.B. 1956. Origin <strong>of</strong> webb special (Black Queen) in tomato. Rep. Tomato Genet. Coop., 6: 22. Rodríguez-Concepción, M., Campos, N., Lois, L.M., Maldonado, C., Hoeffler, J.F., Grosdemange-Billiard, C., Rohmer, M., <strong>and</strong> Boronat, A. 2000. Genetic evidence <strong>of</strong> branching in the isoprenoid pathway for the production <strong>of</strong> isopentyl diphosphate <strong>and</strong> dimethylallyl diphosphate in Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett., 473: 328– 332. Rodríguez-Concepción, M. <strong>and</strong> Gruissem, W. 1999. Arachidonic acid alters tomato HMG expression <strong>and</strong> fruit growth <strong>and</strong> induces 1-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase-independent lycopene accumulation. Plant Physiol., 119: 441–448. Rohmer, M. 1999. The discovery <strong>of</strong> a mevalonate-independent pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis in bacteria, algae <strong>and</strong> higher plants. Nat. Prod. Rep., 16: 565–574. Ronen, G., Carmel, G.L., Zamir, D., <strong>and</strong> Hirschberg, J. 2000. An alternative pathway to beta-carotene formation in plant chromoplasts discovered by map-based cloning <strong>of</strong> Beta <strong>and</strong> old-gold color mutations in tomato. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 97: 11102–11107. Ronen, G., Cohen, M., Zamir, D., <strong>and</strong> Hirschberg, J. 1999. Regulation <strong>of</strong> carotenoid biosynthesis during tomato
300 POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY & TECHNOLOGY OF FRUITS, VEGETABLES, & FLOWERS fruit development: expression <strong>of</strong> the gene for lycopene epsilon-cyclase is down-regulated during ripening <strong>and</strong> is elevated in the mutant Delta. Plant J., 17: 341–351. Rupasinghe, H.P.V., Almquist, K.C., Paliyath, G., Murr, D.P., <strong>and</strong> Paliyath, G. 2001. Cloning <strong>of</strong> hmg1 <strong>and</strong> hmg2 DNAs encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase <strong>and</strong> their expression <strong>and</strong> activity in relation to α-farnesene synthesis in apple. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 39: 933–947. Rupasinghe, H.P.V., Paliyath, G., <strong>and</strong> Murr, D.P. 2000a. Sesquiterpene alpha-farnesene synthase: partial purification, characterization <strong>and</strong> activity in relation to superficial scald development in apples. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 125: 111–119. Rupasinghe, H.P.V., Murr, D.P., Paliyath, G., <strong>and</strong> DeEll, J.R. 2000c. Suppression <strong>of</strong> α-farnesene synthesis in “delicious” apples by aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) <strong>and</strong> 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). J. Plant Phyiol. Mol. Biol., 6: 195–198. Rupasinghe, H.P.V., Murr, D.P., Paliyath, G., <strong>and</strong> Skog, L. 2000b. Inhibitory effect <strong>of</strong> 1-MCP on ripening <strong>and</strong> superficial scald development in “Delicious” <strong>and</strong> “McIntosh” apples. J. Hort. Sci. Biotechnol., 74: 271–276. Schledz, M., Al-Babili, S., von Lintig, J., Haubruck, H., Rabbani, S., Kleinig, H., <strong>and</strong> Beyer, P. 1996. Phytoene synthase from Narcissus pseudonarcissus: functional expression, galactolipid requirement, topological distribution in chromoplasts <strong>and</strong> induction during flowering. Plant J., 10: 781–792. Sch<strong>of</strong>ield, A. <strong>and</strong> Paliyath, G. 2005. 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vi CONTENTS 9 Structural Deteriorat
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Contributors Ishan Adyanthaya Depar
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x CONTRIBUTORS Gopinadhan Paliyath
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Chapter 1 Postharvest Biology and T
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 367 Toma
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 369 Such
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 371 Gian
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Chapter 18 Biotechnological Approac
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 375 tec
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 377 pro
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 379 suc
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 381 Fla
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 383 adm
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 385 wer
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 387 Bar
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 389 Kik
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 391 Tat
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 419 20
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 421 Ta
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 423 Ta
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 425 Li
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 427 So
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 429 Pr
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 431 e
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 433 el
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 435 st
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Cl O O O OH Cl O OH Cl Cl Cl 2,4-Di
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 439 O
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 441 Le
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Chapter 21 Changes in Nutritional Q
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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Index Abscisic acid (ABA), 65, 210,
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INDEX 469 Biosensor-based technolog
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INDEX 471 Cryptochlorogenic acid (4
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INDEX 473 French bean, 95 Fresh-cut
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INDEX 475 LePLDα3 (AY013253), 213-
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INDEX 477 Pectin methylesterase (PM
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INDEX 479 PSY1 expression, 289 PSY1
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INDEX 481 Sugars, biosynthesis of,