BIOCHEMISTRY OF FLOWER SENESCENCE 83 Smart, C.M. 1994. Gene expression during leaf senescence. New Phytol., 126: 419–448. Smart, C.M., Hosken, S.E., Thomas, H., Greaves, J.A., Blair, B.G., <strong>and</strong> Schuch, W. 1995. The timing <strong>of</strong> maize leaf senescence <strong>and</strong> characterization <strong>of</strong> senescence-related cDNAs. Plant Physiol., 93: 673–682. Son, K.C., Gu, E.G., Byoun, H.J., <strong>and</strong> Lim, J.H. 1994. Effects <strong>of</strong> sucrose, BA, or aluminum sulfate in the preservative solutions on photosynthesis, respiration, <strong>and</strong> transpiration <strong>of</strong> cut rose leaf. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci., 35: 480–486. Srisk<strong>and</strong>arajah, S., Frello, S., Jorgensen, K., <strong>and</strong> Serek, M. 2004. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation <strong>of</strong> Campanula carpatica: factors affecting transformation <strong>and</strong> regeneration <strong>of</strong> transgenic shoots. Plant Cell Rep., 23: 59–63. Srisk<strong>and</strong>arajah, S., Frello, S., <strong>and</strong> Serek, M. 2001. Induction <strong>of</strong> adventitious shoots in vitro in Campanula carpatica. Plant Cell Tissue Organ, 67: 295–298. Stead, A.D. 1992. Pollination-induced flower senescence: a review. Plant Growth Regul., 11: 13–20. Stepanova, A.N. <strong>and</strong> Alonso, J.M. 2005. Ethylene signalling <strong>and</strong> response pathway: a unique signalling cascade with a multitude <strong>of</strong> inputs <strong>and</strong> outputs. Physiol. Plantarum, 123: 195–206. Stephenson, P. <strong>and</strong> Rubinstein, B. 1998. Characterization <strong>of</strong> proteolytic activity during senescence in daylily. Plant Physiol., 104: 463–473. Sugawara, H., Shibuya, K., Yoshioka, T., Hashiba, T., <strong>and</strong> Satoh, S. 2002. Is a cysteine proteinase inhibitor involved in the regulation <strong>of</strong> petal wilting in senescing carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers? J. Exp. Bot., 53: 407–413. Sun, J., Niu, Q.-W., Tarkowski, P., Zheng, B., Tarkowska, D., S<strong>and</strong>berg, G., Chua, N.-H., <strong>and</strong> Zuo, J. 2003. The Arabidopsis AtIPT8/PGA22 gene encodes an isopentenyl transferase that is involved in de novo cytokinin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol., 131: 167–176. Taverner, E., Letham, D.S., Wang, J., Cornish, E., <strong>and</strong> Willcocks, D.A. 1999. Influence <strong>of</strong> ethylene on cytokinin metabolism in relation to Petunia corolla senescence. Phytochemistry, 51: 341–347. ten Have, A. <strong>and</strong> Woltering, E.J. 1997. Ethylene biosynthetic genes are differentially expressed during carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flower senescence. Plant Mol. Biol., 34: 89–97. Thomas, H., Ougham, H.J., Wagstaff, C., <strong>and</strong> Stead, A.D. 2003. Defining senescence <strong>and</strong> death. J. Exp. Bot., 54: 1127–1132. Thomas, H. <strong>and</strong> Stoddart, J.L. 1980. Leaf senescence. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol., 31: 83–111. Thompson, J.E. 1988. The molecular basis for membrane deterioration. In: Senescence <strong>and</strong> Aging in Plants (eds, L.D. Nooden <strong>and</strong> A.C. Leopold), Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 51–83. Tieman, D.M. <strong>and</strong> Klee, H.J. 1999. Differential expression <strong>of</strong> two novel members <strong>of</strong> the tomato ethylene-receptor family. Plant Physiol., 120: 165–172. Tournaire, C., Kushnir, S., Bauw, G, Inze, D., de la Serve, B.T., <strong>and</strong> Renaudin, J.P. 1996. A thiol protease <strong>and</strong> an anionic peroxidase are induced by lowering cytokinins during callus growth in Petunia. Plant Physiol., 111: 159–168. Upfold, S.J. <strong>and</strong> Van Staden, J. 1990. Cytokinins in cut carnation flowers: VII. The effect <strong>of</strong> zeatin <strong>and</strong> dihydrozeatin derivatives on flower longevity. Plant Growth Regul., 9: 77–81. Valpuesta, V., Lange, N.E., Guerrero, C., <strong>and</strong> Reid, M.S. 1995. Up-regulation <strong>of</strong> a cysteine protease accompanies the ethylene-insensitive senescence <strong>of</strong> daylily (Hemerocallis) flowers. Plant Mol. Biol., 28: 575–582. Van Der Meulen-Muisers, J.J.M., Van Oeveren, J.C., Jansen, J., <strong>and</strong> Van Tuyl, J.M. 1999. Genetic analysis <strong>of</strong> postharvest flower longevity in Asiatic hybrid lilies. Euphytica, 107: 149–157. van Doorn, W.G. 2001. Categories <strong>of</strong> petal senescence <strong>and</strong> abscission: a reevaluation. Ann. Bot., 87: 447–456. van Doorn, W.G. 2004. Is petal senescence due to sugar starvation? Plant Physiol., 134: 35–42. van Doorn, W.G., Balk, P.A., van Houwelingen, A.M., Hoeberichts, F.A., Hall, R.D., Vorst, O., van der Schoot, C., <strong>and</strong> van Wordragen, M.F. 2003. Gene expression during anthesis <strong>and</strong> senescence in Iris flowers. Plant Mol. Biol., 53: 845–863. van Doorn, W.G., Hibma, J., <strong>and</strong> de Wit, J. 1992. Effect <strong>of</strong> exogenous hormones on leaf yellowing in cut flowering branches <strong>of</strong> Alstroemeria pelegrina L. Plant Growth Regul., 11: 59–62. van Doorn, W.G., Pak, C., <strong>and</strong> Buddendorf, C.J.J. 1993. Effects <strong>of</strong> surfactants on the vascular occlusion induced by exposure to air in cut flowering stems <strong>of</strong> Astilbe, Bouvardia, <strong>and</strong> rose. J. Plant Physiol., 141: 251–253. van Doorn, W.G., Sinz, A., <strong>and</strong> Tomassen, M.M. 2004. Daffodil flowers delay senescence in cut Iris flowers. 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84 POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY & TECHNOLOGY OF FRUITS, VEGETABLES, & FLOWERS van Doorn, W.G. <strong>and</strong> Woltering, E.J. 2004. Senescence <strong>and</strong> programmed cell death: substance or semantics? J. Exp. Bot., 55: 2147–2153. van Meeteren, U. 1979. Water relations <strong>and</strong> keeping-quality <strong>of</strong> cut Gerbera flowers: III. Water content, permeability <strong>and</strong> dry weight <strong>of</strong> aging petals. Sci. Hort., 10: 261–269. van Meeteren, U., van Gelder, H., <strong>and</strong> van Ieperen, W. 2000. Reconsideration <strong>of</strong> the use <strong>of</strong> deionized water as vase water in postharvest experiments on cut flowers. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 18: 169–181. Van Staden, J., Cook, E.L., <strong>and</strong> Nooden, L.D. 1988. Cytokinins <strong>and</strong> senescence. In: Senescence <strong>and</strong> Aging in Plants (ed., L.D. Nooden), Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 281–328. Van Staden, J. <strong>and</strong> Dimalla, G.G. 1980. The effect <strong>of</strong> silver thiosulfate preservative on the physiology <strong>of</strong> cut carnations: II. Influence <strong>of</strong> endogenous cytokinins. Z Pflanzenphysiol., 99: 19–26. Verlinden, S., Boatright, J., <strong>and</strong> Woodson, W.R. 2002. Changes in ethylene responsiveness <strong>of</strong> senescence-related genes during carnation flower development. Physiol. Plantarum, 116: 503–511. Verlinden, S. <strong>and</strong> Garcia, J.J.V. 2004. Sucrose loading decreases ethylene responsiveness in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus cv. White Sim) petals. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 31: 305–312. Verlinden, S. <strong>and</strong> Woodson, W.R. 1998. The physiological <strong>and</strong> molecular responses <strong>of</strong> carnation flowers to high temperature. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 14: 185–192. Wagstaff, C., Leverentz, M.K., Griffiths, G., Thomas, B., Chanasut, U., Stead, A.D., <strong>and</strong> Rogers, H.J. 2002. Cysteine protease gene expression <strong>and</strong> proteolytic activity during senescence <strong>of</strong> Alstroemeria petals. J. Exp. Bot., 53: 233–240. Wagstaff, C., Malcolm, P., Rafiq, A., Leverentz, M., Griffiths, G., Thomas, B., Stead, A., <strong>and</strong> Rogers, H. 2003. Programmed cell death (PCD) processes begin extremely early in Alstroemeria petal senescence. New Phytologist, 160: 49–59. Wang, H. <strong>and</strong> Woodson, W.R. 1991. A flower senescence-related mRNA from carnation shares sequence similarity with fruit ripening-related mRNAs involved in ethylene biosynthesis. Plant Physiol., 96: 1000–1001. Weaver, L.M., Froehlich, J.F., <strong>and</strong> Amasino, R.M. 1999. Chloroplast-targeted ERD1 protein declines but its mRNA increases during senescence in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 119: 1209–1216. Weaver, L.M., Gan, S., Quirino, B., <strong>and</strong> Amasino, R.M. 1998. A comparison <strong>of</strong> the expression patterns <strong>of</strong> several senescence-associated genes in response to stress <strong>and</strong> hormone treatment. Plant Mol. Biol., 37: 455–469. Weaver, L.M., Himelblau, E., <strong>and</strong> Amasino, R.M. 1997. Leaf senescence: gene expression <strong>and</strong> regulation. In: Genetic Engineering: Principles <strong>and</strong> Methods (ed., J.K. Setlow), Vol. 19, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 215– 234. Wilkinson, J.Q., Lanahan, M.B., Clark, D.G., Bleecker, A.B., Chang, C., Meyerowitz, E.M., <strong>and</strong> Klee, H.J. 1997. A dominant mutant receptor from Arabidopsis confers ethylene insensitivity in heterologous plants. Nat. Biotechnol., 15: 444–447. Wisniewski, K. <strong>and</strong> Zagdanska, B. 2001. Genotype-dependent proteolytic response <strong>of</strong> spring heat to water deficiency. J. Exp. Bot., 52: 1455–1463. Woltering, E.J. 1987. Effects <strong>of</strong> ethylene on ornamental pot plants: a classification. Sci. Hort., 31: 283–294. Woltering, E.J. <strong>and</strong> Harkema, H. 1994. Use <strong>of</strong> AOA to prevent emasculation induced quality loss in cut flowers. Proceedings <strong>of</strong> NIOC, pp. 139–145. Woltering, E.J., Somhorst, D., <strong>and</strong> de Beer, C.A. 1993. Roles <strong>of</strong> ethylene production <strong>and</strong> sensitivity in senescence <strong>of</strong> carnation flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus) cultivars White Sim, Chinera <strong>and</strong> Epomeo. J. Plant Physiol., 141: 329–335. Woltering, E.J. <strong>and</strong> van Doorn, W.G. 1988. Role <strong>of</strong> ethylene in senescence <strong>of</strong> petals: morphological <strong>and</strong> taxonomical relationships. J. Exp. Bot., 39: 1605–1616. Woltering, E.J., van Schaik, A.C.R., <strong>and</strong> Jongen, W.M.F. 1994. Physiology <strong>and</strong> biochemistry <strong>of</strong> controlled atmosphere storage: the role <strong>of</strong> ethylene. Proceedings <strong>of</strong> Cost94, the Post Harvest Treatment <strong>of</strong> Fruit <strong>and</strong> <strong>Vegetables</strong>—Controlled Atmosphere Storage <strong>of</strong> Fruit <strong>and</strong> <strong>Vegetables</strong>, pp. 35–42. Woodson, W.R. 1987. Changes in protein <strong>and</strong> mRNA populations during carnation petal senescence. Physiol. Plant, 71: 495–502. Woodson, W.R. 1994. Molecular biology <strong>of</strong> flower senescence in carnation. In: Molecular <strong>and</strong> Cellular Aspects <strong>of</strong> Plant Reproduction (eds, R.J. Scott <strong>and</strong> A.D. Stead), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 225–267. Woodson, W.R., Br<strong>and</strong>t, A.S., Itzhaki, H., Maxon, J.M., Park, K.Y., <strong>and</strong> Wang, H. 1993. Regulation <strong>and</strong> function <strong>of</strong> flower senescence-related genes. Acta Hort., 336: 41–46. Woodson, W.R. <strong>and</strong> Lawton, K.A. 1988. Ethylene-induced gene expression in carnation petals: relationship to autocatalytic ethylene production <strong>and</strong> senescence. Plant Physiol., 87: 498–503.
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vi CONTENTS 9 Structural Deteriorat
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Contributors Ishan Adyanthaya Depar
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x CONTRIBUTORS Gopinadhan Paliyath
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xii PREFACE difficult to find a boo
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Chapter 1 Postharvest Biology and T
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POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 369 Such
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 371 Gian
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Chapter 18 Biotechnological Approac
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 375 tec
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 377 pro
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 379 suc
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 381 Fla
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 383 adm
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 385 wer
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 387 Bar
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 389 Kik
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 391 Tat
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 419 20
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 421 Ta
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 423 Ta
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 425 Li
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 427 So
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 429 Pr
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 431 e
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 433 el
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 435 st
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Cl O O O OH Cl O OH Cl Cl Cl 2,4-Di
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 439 O
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 441 Le
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Chapter 21 Changes in Nutritional Q
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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Index Abscisic acid (ABA), 65, 210,
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INDEX 469 Biosensor-based technolog
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INDEX 471 Cryptochlorogenic acid (4
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INDEX 473 French bean, 95 Fresh-cut
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INDEX 475 LePLDα3 (AY013253), 213-
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INDEX 477 Pectin methylesterase (PM
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INDEX 479 PSY1 expression, 289 PSY1
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INDEX 481 Sugars, biosynthesis of,