THE BREAKDOWN OF CELL WALL COMPONENTS 191 Manganaris, G.A., Vasilakakis, M., Diamantidis, G., <strong>and</strong> Mignani, A. 2006. Diverse metabolism <strong>of</strong> cell wall components <strong>of</strong> melting <strong>and</strong> non-melting peach genotypes during ripening after harvest or cold storage. J. Sci. Food Agric., 86(2): 243–250. Manrique, G.D. <strong>and</strong> Lajolo, F.M. 2004. Cell-wall polysaccharide modifications during postharvest ripening <strong>of</strong> papaya fruit (Carica papaya). <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 33(1): 11–26. Marin-Rodriguez, M.C., Orchard, J., <strong>and</strong> Seymour, G.B. 2002. Pectate lyases, cell wall degradation <strong>and</strong> fruit s<strong>of</strong>tening. J. Exp. Bot., 53: 2115–2119. Marin-Rodriguez, M.C., Smith, D.L., Manning, K., Orchard, J., <strong>and</strong> Seymour, G.B. 2003. Pectate lyase gene expression <strong>and</strong> enzyme activity in ripening banana fruit. Plant Mol. Biol., 51(6): 851–857. Martinez, G.A., Chaves, A.R., <strong>and</strong> Civello, P.M. 2004. Beta-xylosidase activity <strong>and</strong> expression <strong>of</strong> a beta-xylosidase gene during strawberry fruit ripening. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 42(2): 89–96. McCann, M.C., Wells, B., <strong>and</strong> Roberts, K. 1992. Complexity in the spacial localization <strong>and</strong> length distribution <strong>of</strong> plant cell-wall matrix polysaccharides. J. Microsc., 166: 123–136. McCartney, L., Ormerod, A.P., Gidley, M.J., <strong>and</strong> Knox, J.P. 2000. Temporal <strong>and</strong> spatial regulation <strong>of</strong> pectic (1 → 4)-β-D-galactan in cell wall <strong>of</strong> developing pea cotyledon: implications for mechanical properties. Plant J., 22: 105–113. McQueen-Mason, S.J., <strong>and</strong> Cosgrove, D.J. 1995. Expansin mode <strong>of</strong> action on cell walls: analysis <strong>of</strong> wall hydrolysis, stress relaxation, <strong>and</strong> binding. Plant Physiol., 107: 87–100. McQueen-Mason, S.J. <strong>and</strong> Rochange, F. 1999. Expansins in plant growth <strong>and</strong> development: an update on an emerging topic. Plant Biol., 1(1): 19–25. Medina-Escobar, N., Cárdenas, J., Moyano, E., Caballero, J.L., <strong>and</strong> Muñoz-Blanco, J. 1997. Cloning, molecular characterization <strong>and</strong> expression pattern <strong>of</strong> a strawberry ripening-specific cDNA with sequence homology to pectate lyase from higher plants. Plant Mol. Biol., 34: 867–877. Miedes, E. <strong>and</strong> Lorences, E.P. 2004. Apple (Malus domestica) <strong>and</strong> tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) fruits cellwall hemicelluloses <strong>and</strong> xyloglucan degradation during Penicillium expansum infection. J. Agric. Food Chem., 52(26): 7957–7963. Moctezuma, E., Smith, D.L., <strong>and</strong> Gross, K.C. 2003. Effect <strong>of</strong> ethylene on mRNA abundance <strong>of</strong> three betagalactosidase genes in wild type <strong>and</strong> mutant tomato fruit. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 28(2): 207–217. Morris, L.L. 1982. Chilling injury <strong>of</strong> horticultural crop, an overview. HortScience, 17: 161–162. Mwaniki, M.W., Mathooko, F. M., Hiwasa, K., Tateishi, A., Yokotani, N., Ushijima, K., Nakano, R., Inaba, A., <strong>and</strong> Kubo, Y. 2007. Beta-galactosidase <strong>and</strong> alpha-L-arabin<strong>of</strong>uranosidase activities <strong>and</strong> gene expression in European <strong>and</strong> Chinese pear fruit during ripening. J. Jpn. Soc. Hort. Sci., 76(1): 85–90. Newman, R.H. <strong>and</strong> Redgwell, R.J. 2002. Cell wall changes in ripening kiwifruit: C-13 solid-state NMR characterisation <strong>of</strong> relatively rigid cell wall polymers. Carbohydr. Polym., 49: 121–129. Nishitani, K. <strong>and</strong> Tominaga, R. 1992. Endo-xyloglucan transferase, a novel class <strong>of</strong> glycosyltransferase that catalyzes transfer <strong>of</strong> a segment <strong>of</strong> xyloglucan molecule to another xyloglucan molecule. J. Biol. Chem., 267: 21058–21064. Nunan, K.J., Davies, C., Robinson, S.P., <strong>and</strong> Fincher, G.B. 2001. Expression patterns <strong>of</strong> cell wall-modifying enzymes during grape berry development. Planta, 214(2): 257–264. O’Donoghue, E.M., Huber, D.J., Timpa, J.D., Erdos, G.W., <strong>and</strong> Brecht, J.K. 1994. Influence <strong>of</strong> avocado (Persea americana) Cx-cellulase on the structural features <strong>of</strong> avocado cellulose. Planta, 194: 573–584. Orfila, C., Seymour, G.B., Willats, W.G.T., Huxham, I.M., Jarvis, M.C., Dover, C.J., Thompson, A.J., <strong>and</strong> Knox, J.P. 2001. Altered middle lamella homogalacturonan <strong>and</strong> disrupted deposition <strong>of</strong> (1 → 5)-a-L-arabinan in the pericarp <strong>of</strong> cnr, a ripening mutant <strong>of</strong> tomato. Plant Physiol., 126: 210–221. Paull, R.E. <strong>and</strong> Chen, N.J. 2000. Heat treatment <strong>and</strong> fruit ripening. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 21(1): 21–37. Paull, R.E., Gross, K., <strong>and</strong> Qiu, Y.X. 1999. Changes in papaya cell walls during fruit ripening. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 16(1): 79–89. Platt-Aloia, K.A., Thomson, W.W., <strong>and</strong> Young, R.E. 1980. Ultrastructural changes in the walls <strong>of</strong> ripening avocados: transmission, scanning <strong>and</strong> freeze fracture microscopy. Bot. Gaz., 141: 366–373. Powell, A.L.T., Kalamaki, M.S., Kurien, P.A., Gurrieri, S., <strong>and</strong> Bennett, A.B. 2003. Simultaneous transgenic suppression <strong>of</strong> LePG <strong>and</strong> LeExp1 influences fruit texture <strong>and</strong> juice viscosity in a fresh market tomato variety. J. Agric. Food Chem., 51: 7450–7455. Prabha, T.N., Neelwarne, B., <strong>and</strong> Tharanathan, R.N. 1998. Carbohydrate changes in ripening capsicum annuum in relation to textural degradation. Z. Lebensm.-Unters.-Forsch. A- Food Res. Technol., 206(2): 121–125. Prasanna, V., Prabha, T.N., <strong>and</strong> Tharanathan, R.N. 2007. Fruit ripening phenomena–an overview. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 47(1): 1–19, 2007. Pressey, R. 1983. β-Galactosidases in ripening tomatoes. Plant Physiol., 71: 132–135.
192 POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY & TECHNOLOGY OF FRUITS, VEGETABLES, & FLOWERS Ratnayake, R.M., Melton, L.D., <strong>and</strong> Hurst, P.L. 2003. Influence <strong>of</strong> cultivar, cooking, <strong>and</strong> storage on cell-wall polysaccharide composition <strong>of</strong> winter squash (Cucurbita maxima). J. Agric. Food Chem., 51(7): 1904–1913. Redgwell, R.J., Macrae, E., Hallett, I., Fischer, M., Perry, J., <strong>and</strong> Harker, R. 1997a. In vivo <strong>and</strong> in vitro swelling <strong>of</strong> cell walls during fruit ripening. Planta, 203(2): 162–173. Redgwell, R.J., Melton, L.D., <strong>and</strong> Brasch, D.J. 1990. Cell wall changes in kiwifruit following postharvest ethylene treatment. Phytochemistry, 29: 399–407. Redgwell, R.J., Melton, L.D., <strong>and</strong> Brasch, D.J. 1991. Cell wall polysaccharides <strong>of</strong> kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa): effect <strong>of</strong> ripening on the structural features <strong>of</strong> cell wall materials. Carbohydr. Res., 209: 191–202. Redgwell, R.J., Fischer, M., Kendal, E., <strong>and</strong> MacRae, E.A. 1997b. Galactose loss <strong>and</strong> fruit ripening: highmolecular-weight arabinogalactans in the pectic polysaccharides <strong>of</strong> fruit cell walls. Planta, 203: 174–181. Ridley, B.L., O’Neill, M.A., <strong>and</strong> Mohnen, D.A. 2001. Pectins: structure, biosynthesis, <strong>and</strong> oligogalacturoniderelated signaling. Phytochemistry, 57: 929–967. Rose, J.K.C. <strong>and</strong> Bennett, A.B. 1999. Cooperative disassembly <strong>of</strong> the cellulose-xyloglucan network <strong>of</strong> plant cell walls: parallels between cell expansion <strong>and</strong> fruit ripening. Trends Plant Sci., 4(5): 176–183. Rose, J.K.C., Catala, C., Gonzalez-Carranza, Z.H., <strong>and</strong> Roberts, J. 2003. Plant cell wall disassembly. In: The Plant Cell Wall (ed., J.K.C. Rose), Blackwell Publisher, Oxford, pp. 264–324. Rose, J.K.C., Hadfield, K.A., Labavitch, J.M., <strong>and</strong> Bennett, A.B. 1998. Temporal sequence <strong>of</strong> cell wall disassembly in rapidly ripening melon fruit. Plant Physiol., 117: 345–361. Rosli, H.G., Civello, P.M., <strong>and</strong> Martinez, G.A. 2004. Changes in cell wall composition <strong>of</strong> three Fragaria × ananassa cultivars with different s<strong>of</strong>tening rate during ripening. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 42(10): 823–831. Ruoyi, K., Zhifang, Y., <strong>and</strong> Zhaoxin, L. 2005. Effect <strong>of</strong> coating <strong>and</strong> intermittent warming on enzymes, soluble pectin substances <strong>and</strong> ascorbic acid <strong>of</strong> Prunus persica (cv. Zhonghuashoutao) during refrigerated storage. Food Res. Int., 38(3): 331–336. Sakurai, N. <strong>and</strong> Nevins, D.J. 1997. Relationship between fruit s<strong>of</strong>tening <strong>and</strong> wall polysaccharides in avocado (Persea americana Mill) mesocarp tissues. Plant Cell Physiol., 38: 603–610. Saladie, M., Rose, J.K.C., Cosgrove, D.J., <strong>and</strong> Catala, C. 2006. Characterization <strong>of</strong> a new xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) from ripening tomato fruit <strong>and</strong> implications for the diverse modes <strong>of</strong> enzymic action. Plant J., 47(2): 282–295. Sams, C.E., Conway, W.S., Abbott, J.A., Lewis, R.J., <strong>and</strong> Ben-Shalom, N. 1993. Firmness <strong>and</strong> decay <strong>of</strong> apples following postharvest pressure infiltration <strong>of</strong> calcium <strong>and</strong> heat treatment. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 118(5): 623–627. Sane, V.A., Chourasia, A., <strong>and</strong> Nath, P. 2005. S<strong>of</strong>tening in mango (Mangifera indica cv. Dashehari) is correlated with the expression <strong>of</strong> an early ethylene responsive, ripening related expansin gene, MiExpA1. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 38(3): 223–230. Schirra, M., D’hallewin, G., Ben-Yehoshua, S., <strong>and</strong> Fallik, E. 2000. Host-pathogen interactions modulated by heat treatment. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 21(1): 71–85. Schroder, R., Wegrzyn, T.F., Bolitho, K.M., <strong>and</strong> Redgwell, R.J. 2004. Mannan transglycosylase: a novel enzyme activity in cell walls <strong>of</strong> higher plants. Planta, 219: 590–600. Schuch, W., Kanczler, J., Robertson, D., Hobson, G., Tucker, G., Grierson, D., Bright, S., <strong>and</strong> Bird, C. 1991. Fruit quality characteristics <strong>of</strong> transgenic tomato fruit with altered polygalacturonase activity. Hort. Sci., 26: 1517–1520. Sethu, K.M.P., Prabha, T.N., <strong>and</strong> Tharanathan, R.N. 1996. Post-harvest biochemical changes associated with the s<strong>of</strong>tening phenomenon in Capsicum annuum fruits. Phytochemistry, 42(4): 961–966. Seymour, G.B., Colquhoun, I.J., DuPont, M.S., Parsley, K.R., <strong>and</strong> Selvendran, R.R. 1990. Composition <strong>and</strong> structural features <strong>of</strong> cell wall polysaccharides from tomato fruits. Phytochemistry, 29: 725–731. Sexton, R., Palmer, J.M., Whyte, N.A., <strong>and</strong> Littlejohns, S. 1997. Cellulase, fruit s<strong>of</strong>tening <strong>and</strong> abscission in red raspberry Rubus idaeus l cv glen clova. Ann. Bot., 80(3): 371–376. Shao, X.F., Tu, K., Zhao, Y.Z., Chen, L., Chen, Y.Y., <strong>and</strong> Wang, H. 2007. Effects <strong>of</strong> pre-storage heat treatment on fruit ripening <strong>and</strong> decay development in different apple cultivars. J. Hort. Sci. Biotechnol., 82(2): 297–303. Sharrock, K.R. <strong>and</strong> Labavitch, J.M. 1994. Polygalacturonase inhibitors <strong>of</strong> bartlett pear fruits—differential effects on Botrytis cinerea polygalacturonase isozymes, <strong>and</strong> influence on products <strong>of</strong> fungal hydrolysis <strong>of</strong> pear cell walls <strong>and</strong> on ethylene induction in cell culture. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 45(4): 305–319. Smith, D.L., Abbott, J.A., <strong>and</strong> Gross, K.C. 2002. Down-regulation <strong>of</strong> tomato β-galactosidase 4 results in decreased fruit s<strong>of</strong>tening. Plant Physiol., 129: 1755–1762. Smith, D.L. <strong>and</strong> Gross, K.C. 2000. A family <strong>of</strong> at least seven β-galactosidase genes is expressed during tomato fruit development. Plant Physiol., 123: 1173–1183.
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vi CONTENTS 9 Structural Deteriorat
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Contributors Ishan Adyanthaya Depar
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x CONTRIBUTORS Gopinadhan Paliyath
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xii PREFACE difficult to find a boo
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Chapter 1 Postharvest Biology and T
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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Chapter 16 Postharvest Enhancement
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 361 the
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 363 Rese
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 365 Tabl
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 367 Toma
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 369 Such
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 371 Gian
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Chapter 18 Biotechnological Approac
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 375 tec
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 377 pro
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 379 suc
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 381 Fla
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 383 adm
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 385 wer
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 387 Bar
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 389 Kik
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 391 Tat
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 419 20
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 421 Ta
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 423 Ta
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 425 Li
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 427 So
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 429 Pr
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 431 e
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 433 el
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 435 st
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Cl O O O OH Cl O OH Cl Cl Cl 2,4-Di
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 439 O
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 441 Le
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Chapter 21 Changes in Nutritional Q
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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Index Abscisic acid (ABA), 65, 210,
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INDEX 469 Biosensor-based technolog
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INDEX 471 Cryptochlorogenic acid (4
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INDEX 473 French bean, 95 Fresh-cut
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INDEX 475 LePLDα3 (AY013253), 213-
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INDEX 477 Pectin methylesterase (PM
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INDEX 479 PSY1 expression, 289 PSY1
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INDEX 481 Sugars, biosynthesis of,