PHOSPHOLIPASE D, MEMBRANE DETERIORATION, AND SENESCENCE 237 Paliyath, G., Lynch, D.V., <strong>and</strong> Thompson, J.E. 1987. Regulation <strong>of</strong> membrane phospholipid catabolism in senescing carnation flowers. Physiol. Plant, 71: 503–511. Paliyath, G., Murr, D.P., <strong>and</strong> Thompson, J.E. 1995. Catabolism <strong>of</strong> phosphorylated phosphatidylinositols by carnation petal microsomal membranes enriched in plasmalemma <strong>and</strong> endoplasmic reticulum. Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plant, 1: 141–150. Paliyath, G., Murr, D.P., Yada, R.Y., <strong>and</strong> Pinhero, R.G. 2003. Inhibition <strong>of</strong> phospholipase D. US patent no 6514914. Paliyath, G., Pinhero, R.G., Yada, R.Y., <strong>and</strong> Murr, D.P. 1999. Effect <strong>of</strong> processing conditions on phospholipase D activity <strong>of</strong> corn kernel subcellular fractions. J. Agric. Food Chem., 47: 2579–2588. Paliyath, G., Rao, M.V., Ghosh, S., Serrano, R., Murr, D.P., <strong>and</strong> Thompson, J.E. 1997. Changes in the activities <strong>of</strong> proton pump <strong>and</strong> ATPase in microsomal membranes from carnation flower petals during senescence. Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plant, 3: 63–76. Paliyath, G. <strong>and</strong> Thompson, J.E. 1987. Calcium <strong>and</strong> calmodulin regulated breakdown <strong>of</strong> phospholipid by microsomal membranes from bean cotyledons. Plant Physiol., 83: 63–68. Paliyath, G. <strong>and</strong> Thompson, J.E. 1988. Senescence-related changes in ATP-dependent uptake <strong>of</strong> calcium into microsomal vesicles from carnation petals. Plant Physiol., 88: 295–302. Paliyath, G. <strong>and</strong> Thompson, J.E. 1990. Evidence for early changes in membrane structure during postharvest development <strong>of</strong> cut carnation flowers. New Phytologist, 114: 555–562. Palta, J.P., Whitaker, B.D., <strong>and</strong> Weiss, L.S. 1993. Plasma membrane lipids associated with genetic variability in freezing tolerance <strong>and</strong> cold acclimation <strong>of</strong> Solanum species. Plant Physiol., 103: 793–803. Pappan, K., Austin-Brown, S., Chapman, K.D., <strong>and</strong> Wang, X. 1998. Substrate selectivities <strong>and</strong> lipid modulation <strong>of</strong> plant phospholipase D-alpha, -beta, <strong>and</strong> -gamma. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 353: 131–140. Pappan, K., Qin, W., Dyer, J.H., Zheng, L., <strong>and</strong> Wang, X. 1997. Molecular cloning <strong>and</strong> functional analysis <strong>of</strong> polyphosphoinositide-dependent phospholipase D, PLD beta from Arabidopsis. J. Biol. Chem., 272: 7055– 7061. Pappan, K., Zheng, L., Krishnamoorthi, R., <strong>and</strong> Wang, X. 2004. Evidence for <strong>and</strong> characterization <strong>of</strong> Ca 2+ binding to the catalytic region <strong>of</strong> Arabidopsis thaliana phospholipase Dβ. J. Biol. Chem., 279: 47833–47839. Pauls, K.P. <strong>and</strong> Thompson, J.E. 1984. Evidence for the accumulation <strong>of</strong> peroxidized lipids in membranes <strong>of</strong> senescing cotyledons. Plant Physiol., 75: 1152–1157. Pinhero, R.G., Almquist, K.C., Novotna, Z., <strong>and</strong> Paliyath, G. 2003. Developmental regulation <strong>of</strong> phospholipase D in tomato fruits. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 41: 223–240. Ponting, C.P. <strong>and</strong> Kerr, I.D. 1996. A novel family <strong>of</strong> phospholipase D homologues that includes phospholipid synthases <strong>and</strong> putative endonucleases. Protein Sci., 5: 914–922. Qin, C. <strong>and</strong> Wang, X. 2002. The Arabidopsis phospholipase D family. Characterization <strong>of</strong> a calcium-independent <strong>and</strong> phosphatidylcholine-selective PLDζ 1 with distinct regulatory domains. Plant Physiol., 128: 1057–1068. Qin, W., Pappan, K., <strong>and</strong> Wang, X. 1997. Molecular heterogeneity <strong>of</strong> phospholipase D (PLD): cloning <strong>of</strong> PLD gamma <strong>and</strong> regulation <strong>of</strong> plant PLD alpha, beta <strong>and</strong> gamma by polyphosphoinositides <strong>and</strong> calcium. J. Biol. Chem., 272: 28267–28273. Ritchie, S. <strong>and</strong> Gilroy, S. 1998. Abscisic acid signal transduction in the barley aleurone is mediated by phospholipase D activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 95: 2697–2702. Rizo, J. <strong>and</strong> Südh<strong>of</strong>, T.C. 1998. C 2 -domains, structure <strong>and</strong> function <strong>of</strong> a universal Ca 2+ -binding domain. J. Biol. Chem., 273: 15879–15882. Roberts, D.M. <strong>and</strong> Tyerman, S.D. 2002. Voltage-dependent cation channels permeable to NH + 4 ,K+ , <strong>and</strong> Ca 2+ in the symbiosome membrane <strong>of</strong> the model legume Lotus japonicus. Plant Physiol., 128: 370–378. Rogers, S., Wells, R., <strong>and</strong> Rechsteiner, M. 1986. Amino acid sequences common to rapidly degraded proteins: the PEST hypothesis. Science, 234: 364–368. Rose, T.M., Schultz, E.R., Henik<strong>of</strong>f, J.G., Pietrokovski, S., McCallum, C.M., <strong>and</strong> Henik<strong>of</strong>f, S. 1998. Consensusdegenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primers for amplification <strong>of</strong> distantly related sequences. Nucl. Acids Res., 26: 1628–1635. Ryu, S.B., Karlson, B.H., Özgen, M., <strong>and</strong> Palta, J.P. 1997. Inhibition <strong>of</strong> phospholipase D by lysophosphatidylethanolamine, a lipid derived senescence retardant. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 94: 12717–12721. Ryu, S.B. <strong>and</strong> Wang, X. 1996. Activation <strong>of</strong> phospholipase D <strong>and</strong> the possible mechanism <strong>of</strong> wound-induced lipid hydrolysis in wounded castor bean leaves. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1303: 243–250. Schwertner, H.A. <strong>and</strong> Biale, J.B. 1973. Lipid composition <strong>of</strong> plant mitochondria <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> chloroplasts. J. Lipid Res., 14: 235–242. Simões, I., Mueller, E.-C., Otto, A., Bur, D., Cheung, A.Y., Faro, C., <strong>and</strong> Pires, E. 2005. Molecular analysis <strong>of</strong> the interaction between cardosin A <strong>and</strong> phospholipase Dα. Identification <strong>of</strong> RGD/KGE sequences as binding motifs for C2 domains. FEBS J., 272: 5786–5798.
238 POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY & TECHNOLOGY OF FRUITS, VEGETABLES, & FLOWERS Smith, D.L., Starret, D.A., <strong>and</strong> Gross, K.C. 1998. A gene coding for tomato β-galactosidase II is expressed during fruit ripening. Plant Physiol., 117: 417–423. Stuckey, J.A. <strong>and</strong> Dixon, J.E. 1999. Crystal structure <strong>of</strong> a phospholipase D family member. Nat. Struct. Biol., 6: 278–284. Sung, T.-C., Roper, R.L., Zhang, Y., Rudge, S.A., Temel, R., Hammond, S.M., Morris, A.J., Moss, B., Engelbrecht, J., <strong>and</strong> Frohman, M.A. 1997. Mutagenesis <strong>of</strong> phospholipase D defines a superfamily including a trans-golgi viral protein required for poxvirus pathogenicity. EMBO J., 16: 4519–4530. Sylvestre, I., Bureau, J.M., Tremolieres, A., <strong>and</strong> Paulin, A. 1989. Changes in membrane phospholipids <strong>and</strong> galactolipids during senescence <strong>of</strong> cut carnations. Connections with ethylene rise. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 27: 931–937. Thompson, J.E., Legge, R.L., <strong>and</strong> Barber, R.F. 1987. The role <strong>of</strong> free radicals in senescence <strong>and</strong> wounding. New Phytologist, 105: 317–344. Tiwari, K. <strong>and</strong> Paliyath, G. 2007. Cloning <strong>and</strong> Expression <strong>of</strong> a C2-GFP Chimera Protein to Study the Membrane Binding Characteristics <strong>of</strong> Phospholipase D. Agricultural Biotechnology Conference, Calgary, Alberta. Todd, J.F., Paliyath, G., <strong>and</strong> Thompson, J.E. 1990. Characteristics <strong>of</strong> a membrane associated lipoxygenase in tomato fruit. Plant Physiol., 94: 1225–1232. Todd, J.F., Paliyath, G., <strong>and</strong> Thompson, J.E. 1992. Effect <strong>of</strong> chilling on the activities <strong>of</strong> lipid degrading enzymes in tomato fruit microsomal membranes. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 30: 517–522. Wade, N.L. <strong>and</strong> Bishop, D.G. 1978. Changes in the lipid composition <strong>of</strong> ripening banana fruits <strong>and</strong> evidence for an associated increase in cell membrane permeability. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 529: 454–464. Wang, X. 1999. The role <strong>of</strong> phospholipase D in signaling cascades. Plant Physiol., 120: 645–651. Wang, X. 2000. Multiple forms <strong>of</strong> phospholipase D in plants: the gene family, catalytic <strong>and</strong> regulatory properties, <strong>and</strong> cellular functions. Prog. Lipid Res., 39: 109–149. Wang, X. 2001. Plant phospholipases. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 52: 211–231. Wang, X. 2002. Phospholipase D in hormonal <strong>and</strong> stress signaling. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 5: 408–414. Wang, X. 2005. Regulatory functions <strong>of</strong> phospholipase D <strong>and</strong> phosphatidic acid in plant growth, development <strong>and</strong> stress responses. Plant Physiol., 139: 566–573. Wang, X., Devaiah, S.P., Zhang, W., <strong>and</strong> Welti, R. 2006. Signaling functions <strong>of</strong> phosphatidic acid. Prog. Lipid Res., 45: 250–278. Wang, X., Xu, L., <strong>and</strong> Zheng, L. 1994. Cloning <strong>and</strong> expression <strong>of</strong> phosphatidylcholine hydrolyzing phospholipase D from Ricinus communis L., J. Biol. Chem., 269: 20312–20317. Whitaker, B.D. 1988. Changes in the steryl lipid content <strong>and</strong> composition <strong>of</strong> tomato fruit during ripening. Phytochemistry, 27: 3411–3416. Whitaker, B.D. 1991. Changes in lipids <strong>of</strong> tomato fruit stored at chilling <strong>and</strong> non-chilling temperatures. Phytochemistry, 30: 757–761. Whitaker, B.D. 1992. Changes in galactolipid <strong>and</strong> phospholipid levels <strong>of</strong> tomato fruits stored at chilling <strong>and</strong> non-chilling temperatures. Phytochemistry, 31: 2627–2630. Whitaker, B.D. 1993. Lipid changes in microsomes <strong>and</strong> crude plastid fractions during storage <strong>of</strong> tomato fruits at chilling <strong>and</strong> non-chilling temperatures. Phytochemistry, 32: 265–271. Whitaker, B.D. 1994. Lipid changes in mature green tomato fruit during ripening, during chilling, <strong>and</strong> after re-warming subsequent to chilling. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 119: 994–999. Whitaker, B.D. <strong>and</strong> Lester, G.E. 2006. Cloning <strong>of</strong> phospholipase Dα <strong>and</strong> lipoxygenase genes CmPLDα1 <strong>and</strong> CmLOX1 <strong>and</strong> their expression in fruit, floral <strong>and</strong> vegetative tissues <strong>of</strong> “Honey Brew” hybrid honeydew melon. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 131: 544–550. Whitaker, B.D., Smith, D.L., <strong>and</strong> Green, K.C. 2001. Cloning, characterization <strong>and</strong> functional expression <strong>of</strong> a phospholipase D alpha from tomato fruit. Physiol. Plant., 112: 87–94. Whitelaw, C.A., Lyssenko, N.N., Chen, L., Zhou, D., Mattoo, A.K., <strong>and</strong> Tucker, M.L. 2002. Delayed abscission <strong>and</strong> shorter internodes correlate with a reduction in the ethylene receptor LeETR1 transcript in transgenic tomato. Plant Physiol., 128: 978–987. Xie, Z., Ho, W.-T., <strong>and</strong> Exton, J.H. 1998. Association <strong>of</strong> N- <strong>and</strong> C-terminal domains <strong>of</strong> phospholipase D is required for catalytic activity. J. Biol. Chem., 273: 34679–34682. Xu, L., Paulsen, A.Q., Ryu, S.B., <strong>and</strong> Wang, X. 1996. Intracellular localization <strong>of</strong> phospholipase D in leaves <strong>and</strong> seedling tissues <strong>of</strong> castor bean. Plant Physiol., 111: 101–107. Yao, K., Paliyath, G., Humphrey, R.W., Hallet, F.R., <strong>and</strong> Thompson, J.E. 1991. Identification <strong>and</strong> characterization <strong>of</strong> non-sedimentable lipid-protein microvesicles enriched in phospholipid degradation products. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 88: 2269–2273.
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vi CONTENTS 9 Structural Deteriorat
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Contributors Ishan Adyanthaya Depar
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x CONTRIBUTORS Gopinadhan Paliyath
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xii PREFACE difficult to find a boo
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Chapter 1 Postharvest Biology and T
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 371 Gian
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Chapter 18 Biotechnological Approac
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 375 tec
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 377 pro
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 379 suc
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 381 Fla
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 383 adm
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 385 wer
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 387 Bar
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 389 Kik
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 391 Tat
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 419 20
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 421 Ta
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 423 Ta
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 425 Li
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 427 So
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 429 Pr
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 431 e
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 433 el
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 435 st
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Cl O O O OH Cl O OH Cl Cl Cl 2,4-Di
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 439 O
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 441 Le
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Chapter 21 Changes in Nutritional Q
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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Index Abscisic acid (ABA), 65, 210,
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INDEX 469 Biosensor-based technolog
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INDEX 471 Cryptochlorogenic acid (4
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INDEX 473 French bean, 95 Fresh-cut
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INDEX 475 LePLDα3 (AY013253), 213-
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INDEX 477 Pectin methylesterase (PM
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INDEX 479 PSY1 expression, 289 PSY1
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INDEX 481 Sugars, biosynthesis of,