Postharvest Biology and Technology of Fruits, Vegetables, and Flowers

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INDEX 477 Pectin methylesterase (PME), 27, 168, 170, 171 Pectins, 21, 22, 165–166, 170 deesterification of, 27 degradation, 26 modifying and degrading enzymes in fruits, 170–171 in peaches, 183 solubilization, 167–168, 175 PeERS1 mRNA, 128–129 PeERS2 mRNA, 129 Pelargonidins, 44–47 Penicillium digitatum, 150 Penicillium expansum, 151, 184, 329 Penicillium italicum, 150 Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), 35–38, 342–343, 349, 351, 446 Pepper fruit, 367 Peppers (Capsicum annuum), 16 Peronospora parasitica, 102 Peroxidase (POX), 270, 274, 453 Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana, D. kaki), 13 Persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki L.), 310 PESTfind search, 216 Petal senescence, 52–53, 88–90 Petunia, 52, 64, 70 flower senescence, 55 Petunia, 75, 108, 381 Petunia (fbp1), 75 Petunia hybrida, 108 Petunia (Petunia × hybrida), 134 PGcDNA, 27 PG mRNA, 27 Phacidiopycnis piri, 152 Phaseolus vulgaris, 95 Phenolic acids, 47 Phenolic metabolites, 345 Phenolic phytochemicals, synthesis, functions and health benefits, 342–346 Phenolics, 260 Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 276, 446 Phenyl ethyl acetate, 48 Phenyl propyl acetate, 48 Pheophorbide, 41 PhEXP1 expression, 70 Phosphate-mineral solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus, Pseudomonas), 362 Phosphatidate phosphatase, 200 Phosphatidic acid, 23, 39 Phosphatidylcholine (PC), 23, 197 Phosphatidylethanolamine, 23 Phosphatidylglycerol, 23 Phosphatidylinositol, 23, 24 Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ), 23, 209 Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, 23 Phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP), 31, 264 Phosphofructokinase (PFK), 32, 399–400 Phospholipase D (PLD), 38–40, 444, 450 antisense suppression of PLD alpha expression, 221–231 changes in PLDα1 mRNA during development, 224–225 characterictics of, 208–210 cloning of, 210–221 effect of primary alcohols and aldehydes on, 242 in grape, 216 hexanal, effect on, 242 inhibition by aliphatic aldehydes and alcohols, 242–244 by lysophosphatidylethanolamine, 241 by N-acylethanolamines (NAE), 241–242 LePLDα transcript antisense activity in fruits, 226–231 and membrane deterioration, 240–241 role in membrane deterioration, 221 in signal transduction, 231–235 in strawberry, 203–211 subcellular localization of, 208 in tomato, 213–215 amino acid sequences of, 217 Phospholipids, 23 Phosphorylation, 109–111 Photomorphogenesis fruit-localized phytochromes, 291 mechanism for phytochrome control of carotenogenesis, 291–292 phytochrome gene family in Arabidopsis and tomato, 290 tomato phytochrome mutants hp-1 and hp-2, 290–291 PHYA mRNA accumulation, in fruits, 291 Physicochemical treatments, 309–310 Phytoene desaturase (PDS), 289 Phytoene synthase (PSY), 283, 286–288, 287–288 Phytol chain, 41 Pik Red, 326 Pimpinella anisum, 345 Pineapple (Ananas comosus), 14, 150 treated with 1-MCP, 153–154 Pisum sativum mesophyll cells, 89 Plantains (Musa paradisiaca), 14 Plant cysteine proteinases, 71 Plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), 361–363. See also Rhizosphere microorganisms and their effects Plant growth regulators (PGRs), 105 Planting sites, 303 Plant pigments, significance of, 260 Plant sterols, 282 Plant uncoupling mitochondrial protein (PUMP), 401 Plant vacuoles, 94 PLD gene family, 210 Plum (Prunus sp.), 11, 21 response to 1-MCP, 147
478 INDEX P nutrition, 367 Poinsettia, 17 Pollen sterility, in flowers, 76 Polyamines (PAs) and abiotic stress response, 328–329 biosythesis, 319–321 and methione cycle, 321–322 and biotic stress response, 329 catabolism, 322 cellular effects of, 330 on fruit firmness, 327 in fruit set, growth, and development, 324 and gene expression, 331–332 interactions with membranes, 330–331 molecular basis of, 330–332 and postharvest shelf life, 326–327 precursors of, 321 in regulation of postharvest processes, 323–326 and ripening, 324–326 and senescence, 328 transport and localization, 323 uncommon, 322–323 Polygalacturonases (PG), 26–27, 27, 247 Polymerization, of sugar, 21–22 Polymers, of primary cell wall and their structures, 164 Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), 270–271, 274 Polyphenols, 2, 13, 260 biochemical regulation of phenyl propanoid pathway, 276–277 biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid, 266 flavonoids, 266–270 hydroxybenzoates, 266 hydroxycinnamates, 265–266 distribution of flavonoids in fruits, 263–264 in enzymatic browning during fruit processing, 270–276 structural diversity and classification of, 261–262 Polyphenols oxidase (PPO), 452–455 Polysaccharides, 163 Polyuronide depolymerization enzymatic regulation in, 169–172 in tomato and avocado, 168 Pomegranate (Punica granatum), 13, 150 Pomelo (Citrus maxima), 12 Postharvest losses, of fruits, vegetables and flowers, 4–5 Postharvest methods. See also Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) antioxidant and bioactive films, 351–354 controlled atmosphere, 304–306 countering of effects of ROS with antioxidants, 347–348 heat treatments, 307–308 modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and coatings, 306–307 physicochemical treatments, 309–310 proline biosynthesis, 348–350 temperature management, 308 Potato mitochondria, 197 Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), 8, 16, 152, 293, 365 postharvest factors affecting cold-induced sweetening, 398–401 dormancy, 395–398 injuries and curing, 393–395 sprouting, 402–409 sprouting and spoilage of, due to heating, 249 storage conditions, 393 Potato sprout inhibitors, 405 Potato tuber, 392 Potted ornamentals, 4, 17 Preharvest methods, affecting sensory quality, 302–303 Prephenic acid, 265 Primulaceae family, 53 Proanthocyanidins, 13 Processed products, 310–311 Programmed cell death (PCD), during plant senescence antioxidant enzymes, role of, 111–112 cell-to-cell signaling mechanism, 113 death signal for cell, 106–107 functional categorization, 108–109 mechanism in floral organs, 107–108 mitochondrial proteins associated with, 112 pathways, 87–88 during petal senescence, 105–106 proteomic analysis of, 109–111 heat- and senescence-induced, 111 salicylic acid, role of, 102–103 senescence and organ senescence as forms of, 88 cellular changes, 91–95 leaf senescence vs petal senescence, 88–90 molecular changes, 95–100 senescence signals, 90–91, 100–101 signaling cascades network, 101–102 sugar signaling, 103–104 Proline biosynthesis and postharvest preservation, 348–350 Proline dehydrogenase (PDH), 342 Propyleneglycol, 184 Protease inhibitor mRNA, 72 Proteases, 13 Proteins, in fruits, 25 Proteolysis, 71–72 Prune (P. domestica), 11 Prunus Americana, 11 Prunus domestica, 11, 384 Prunus salicina, 11 Psag12-IPT, 75 PSAG12-IPT chimeric gene, 64 Pseudomonas putida, 362 Pseudomonas syringae, 100
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Postharvest Biology and Technology
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Edition first published 2008 c○ 2
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vi CONTENTS 9 Structural Deteriorat
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Contributors Ishan Adyanthaya Depar
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x CONTRIBUTORS Gopinadhan Paliyath
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xii PREFACE difficult to find a boo
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Chapter 1 Postharvest Biology and T
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POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
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COMMON FRUITS, VEGETABLES, FLOWERS,
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Chapter 3 Biochemistry of Fruits Go
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 21 et al., 2
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 23 3.2.2 Lip
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 25 exposure
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 27 isoform o
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 29 Maltose
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 31 content i
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 33 control.
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 35 range fro
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 37 six (gluc
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 39 Ethylene
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 41 3.3.3 Pro
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 43 component
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Phenylalanine Phenylalanine ammonia
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 47 coloratio
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 49 Fluhr, R.
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Chapter 4 Biochemistry of Flower Se
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FLOWER SENESCENCE 5
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PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH DURING PLANT
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(a) (a′) (b) (b′) (c) (d) Fig.
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Chapter 6 Ethylene Perception and G
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ETHYLENE PERCEPTION AND GENE EXPRES
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Chapter 7 Enhancing Postharvest She
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ENHANCING POSTHARVEST SHELF LIFE AN
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THE BREAKDOWN OF CELL WALL COMPONEN
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Table 8.3 Transgenic genetics to de
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Chapter 9 Structural Deterioration
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PHOSPHOLIPASE D, MEMBRANE DETERIORA
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Fig. 9.3 Fracture face of a fully o
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PHOSPHOLIPASE D INHIBITION TECHNOLO
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HEAT TREATMENT FOR ENHANCING POSTHA
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 261 mainly
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 263 Table 1
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 265 Pentose
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 267 Phenyla
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 269 3' OH H
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 271 OH OH O
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 273 compoun
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 275 washing
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 277 (Fujita
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 279 Boyer,
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 281 Peschel
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ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS IN FRUITS A
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Chapter 14 Postharvest Treatments A
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POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS AFFECTING SE
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Chapter 15 Polyamines and Regulatio
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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Chapter 16 Postharvest Enhancement
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 361 the
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 363 Rese
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 365 Tabl
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 367 Toma
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 369 Such
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 371 Gian
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Chapter 18 Biotechnological Approac
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 375 tec
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 377 pro
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 379 suc
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 381 Fla
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 383 adm
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 385 wer
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 387 Bar
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 389 Kik
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 391 Tat
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 419 20
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 421 Ta
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 425 Li
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