Postharvest Biology and Technology of Fruits, Vegetables, and Flowers

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INDEX 473 French bean, 95 Fresh-cut products and 1-MCP treatment, 153–154 Fructose, 31 Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, 31, 33 Fructose-6-phosphate, 29, 33 Fruit juices, 2 Fruit phenolic compounds, 261 Fruits biochemical composition carbohydrates, storage and structural components, 21–22 lipids and biomembranes, 23–25 organic acids, 25 proteins, 25 consumption trends, 6 developmental characteristics, 9–10 estimated contribution, 6 ethylene perception in, 127–131 family Ericaceae, 12 other, 13–14 Rosaceae, 11–12 Rutaceae, 12 Vitaceae, 12 importance as food, 2 postharvest loss, 4–5 production in major geographical areas of the world, 3–4 ripening and softening carbohydrate metabolism, 26–38 proteolysis and structure breakdown in chloroplasts, 41 significance in world economy, 1 Fuchsia, 53 “Fuji” apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.), 305 Fumarase (matrix), 112 Fumonisin B1, 437 Fusarium moniliforme, 434 Galactans, 22 Galactoglucomannans, 22 A-Galactosidase, 175 B-galactosidase, 145, 175, 182 Galacturonans, 22 Galacturonic acid (GalA), 164 Garlic (Allium sativum), 14 Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), 419 Gel breakdown (GB) fruits, 182 Gel-phase lipid domains, 25 Genetic analyses, of floral senescence, 52 Genetic transformation, of tropical products, 374–375 Geraniaceae family, 53 Geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum) flowers, 132 Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (C20) moieties, 44 Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) synthase, 285–286 Gerbera, 4 Gerbera sp., 17, 64 Gerontoplasts, 108 GgCyP, 73 GgERS1a, 56 GgERS1a, 133 GgERS1b, 56 GgERS1b, 133 Gibberellic acid (GA3), 404 Gibberellins (GAs), 65–66, 402 Gladiolus, 89, 131, 556 Gladiolus, 17 GlDAD1 expression, in petals, 62 Glomus clarum, 365 Glomus fasciculatum, 368–369 Glomus intraradices, 369 Glomus macrocarpum, 368 Glomus versiforme, 369 B-1,4-glucanase, 26 Glucomannans, 22, 165 Gluconeogenesis, 34–35, 444 Glucose, photosynthesis of, 22 Glucose moiety, 47 Glucose-1-phosphate, 22, 28, 30 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 342, 446 Glucose-6-phosphate translocase (Gl-6-P translocase), 263 B-glucosidases, 96, 182 Glutathione (GSH), 38 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP), 31, 285 Glycerate-3-phosphate, 31 Glycolysis, 31–33 A-1,4-glycosidic linkages, 22 B-1,4-glycosidic linkages, 22 Good Agricultural Practice, 5 Gourds, 8 G proteins, 87 Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), 402 Grapes, 3, 12, 21, 25, 34 anthocyanin accumulation, 47 cellulase activity in controlled atmosphere, 184 Citrus paradise Macf., 308 Citrus paradisi, 12 PLD alpha activity, 216 Grapevines, 378 Green fruits, 25 Greenhouse production, 4 Greenness, 74 Guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), 342 Guava (Psidium guayava), 13 Guttiferae family, 13 Haematococcus pluvialis, 380 Hamlin orange juice, 35 “Hayward” kiwifruit, 256 Health-compromised individuals, 2
474 INDEX Heat treatments, postharvest, 181, 307–308 effect on chilling injury, 249–251 effect on ripening, 246–248 effect on senescence, 248–249 external damages, 253–255 in fresh-cut fruits, 251–253 internal damages, 255–256 prestorage treatments, 250–251 Helianthus tuberosus chloroplasts, 322 Hemicelluloses, 22, 164, 165, 166, 172, 174 degradation of, 26 Hesperidium class fruits, 8 Heterocyclic compounds, 13 Hexanal, effect of, on horticultural produce, 243–244 Hexokinase (HXK), 103 Hexyl acetate, 48 1-hexylcyclopropene, 55 Hibiscus, 53 Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), 12 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 419 HMGCoA reductase (HMGR), 42, 293–294 HMGR genes, 295–296 HMGR isoforms, 294 regulation by ethylene, 296–297 Homeostasis, maintenance of, 24 Homogalacturonans (HG), 165, 171 Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-modified electrode, 432 HxKxxxxD motif, 219 Hybrid grapes, 12 Hydrangea, 17 Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), 38, 271–272 9-hydroperoxy linoleic acid, 39 Hydrophilic head groups, 23 Hydrophobic fatty acyl chains, 23 Hydrophobic motifs, 220 Hydroxybenzoates (C 6 —C 1 ), 266 Hydroxybenzoic acid, 262 Hydroxybezoates, 262 Hydroxycinnamates (C 6 —C 3 ), 262, 265–266 Hydroxycinnamoyl D-glucose/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCGQT), 266 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA), 42, 293, 447 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), 284 Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins, 22 Hyperglycemia, 345–347 Hypobaric storage, 309 Hysl/cpr5, 103 IaaM gene, 381 Iceberg lettuce, 16 Immunobiosensor, 425–428 Indoleacetic acid, 402 Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 65 Internal browning, 150 Internal injury, to fruit, 255–256 Ipt gene, 64 Iridaceae plant family, 53 Iris, 131 Iris flower, 52–53, 71 Irradiation treatment, 310 effect on potatoes, 407 Isoamyl acetate, 48 Isocitrate, 33 Isocoumarins, 150 Isopentenyladenosine (iPA) 5 ′ -phosphate, 64 Isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), 42, 285, 293, 447 Isoprenoid biosynthesis, 41–44 Isoprenoids, 282 biosynthesis, 292–293, 447–448 Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), 13 Japanese plum, 11 Jasmonic acid, 65–66, 107, 397 Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), 16 Kalanchoe, 17 Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, 61 Kanamycin, 222 43-kDa nuclease (PhNUC1), 106 54-kDa protein, 26 KDEL C-terminal motif, 90 KDEL-cysteine protease, 97 “Kensington Pride” green mature mango (Mangific a indica L), 305 -keto fatty acids, 39 A-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, 34 Kiwi fruits, 13 Actinidia chinensis, 13, 457 Actinidia deliciosa “Hayward,” 302 Kohlrabi (B. oleracea), 15 “Kyoho” table grapes (Vitis vinifera × Vitis labrusca), 306 L. odoratus, 61 Labiatae family, 53 Labor costs, 1 Labrusca varieties, 12 Leaf senescence, 88–90 LEAFY, 380 Leafy vegetables, 16 treated with 1-MCP, 153 Leeks (Allium porum), 14 LeETR4 expression, 133–134 LeETR4 mRNA, 128 LeEXPI, 177 Leguminosae (Fabaceae) family, 17 Lemon fruits, 12, 34 Lentils (Lens culinaris or Lens esculenta), 2, 17 LePG, 177 LePLDα2 (AF154425), 213–214
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Postharvest Biology and Technology
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Edition first published 2008 c○ 2
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vi CONTENTS 9 Structural Deteriorat
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Contributors Ishan Adyanthaya Depar
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x CONTRIBUTORS Gopinadhan Paliyath
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xii PREFACE difficult to find a boo
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Chapter 1 Postharvest Biology and T
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POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
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COMMON FRUITS, VEGETABLES, FLOWERS,
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Chapter 3 Biochemistry of Fruits Go
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 21 et al., 2
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 23 3.2.2 Lip
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 25 exposure
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 27 isoform o
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 29 Maltose
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 31 content i
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 33 control.
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 35 range fro
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 37 six (gluc
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 39 Ethylene
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 41 3.3.3 Pro
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 43 component
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Phenylalanine Phenylalanine ammonia
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 47 coloratio
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 49 Fluhr, R.
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Chapter 4 Biochemistry of Flower Se
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FLOWER SENESCENCE 5
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PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH DURING PLANT
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(a) (a′) (b) (b′) (c) (d) Fig.
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Chapter 6 Ethylene Perception and G
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ETHYLENE PERCEPTION AND GENE EXPRES
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Chapter 7 Enhancing Postharvest She
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ENHANCING POSTHARVEST SHELF LIFE AN
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THE BREAKDOWN OF CELL WALL COMPONEN
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Table 8.3 Transgenic genetics to de
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Chapter 9 Structural Deterioration
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PHOSPHOLIPASE D, MEMBRANE DETERIORA
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Fig. 9.3 Fracture face of a fully o
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PHOSPHOLIPASE D INHIBITION TECHNOLO
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HEAT TREATMENT FOR ENHANCING POSTHA
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 261 mainly
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 263 Table 1
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 265 Pentose
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 267 Phenyla
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 269 3' OH H
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 271 OH OH O
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 273 compoun
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 275 washing
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 277 (Fujita
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 279 Boyer,
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 281 Peschel
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ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS IN FRUITS A
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Chapter 14 Postharvest Treatments A
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POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS AFFECTING SE
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Chapter 15 Polyamines and Regulatio
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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Chapter 16 Postharvest Enhancement
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 361 the
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 363 Rese
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 365 Tabl
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 367 Toma
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 369 Such
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 371 Gian
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Chapter 18 Biotechnological Approac
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 375 tec
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 377 pro
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 379 suc
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 381 Fla
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 383 adm
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 385 wer
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 387 Bar
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 389 Kik
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 391 Tat
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 419 20
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 421 Ta
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