CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 463 Connor, A.M., Luby, J.J., Hancock, J.F., Berkheimer, S., <strong>and</strong> Hanson, E.J. 2002. Changes in fruit antioxidant activity among blueberry cultivars during cold-temperature storage. J. Agric. Food Chem., 50: 893–898. Corbo, M.B., Lanciotti, R., Gardini, F., Sinigaglia, M., <strong>and</strong> Guerzoni, M.E. 2000. Effects <strong>of</strong> hexanal, trans-2- hexenal, <strong>and</strong> storage temperature on shelf life <strong>of</strong> fresh sliced apples. J. Agric. Food Chem., 48: 2401–2408. DeEll, J.R., Murr, D.P., Porteous, M.D., <strong>and</strong> H. Rupasinghe, P.V. 2002. Influence <strong>of</strong> temperature <strong>and</strong> duration <strong>of</strong> 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on apple quality. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 24: 349–353. Defilippi, B.G., Kader, A.A., <strong>and</strong> D<strong>and</strong>ekar, A.M. 2005. Apple aroma: alcohol acyltransferase, a rate limiting step for ester biosynthesis, is regulated by ethylene. Plant Sci., 168: 1199–1210. Drake, S.R. <strong>and</strong> Eisele, T.A. 1999. Carbohydrate <strong>and</strong> acid contents <strong>of</strong> Gala apples <strong>and</strong> Bartlett pears from regular <strong>and</strong> controlled atmosphere storage. J. Agric. Food Chem., 47: 3181–3184. El-Sharkawy, I., Manríquez, D., Flores, F.B., Regad, F., Bouzayen, M., Latché, A., <strong>and</strong> Pech, J.C. 2005. Functional characterization <strong>of</strong> a melon alcohol acyl-transferase gene family involved in the biosynthesis <strong>of</strong> ester volatiles. Identification <strong>of</strong> the crucial role <strong>of</strong> a threonine residue for enzyme activity. Plant Mol. Biol., 59: 345–362. Fan, X., Blankenship, S.M., <strong>and</strong> Mattheis, J.P. 1999. 1-Methylcyclopropene inhibits apple ripening. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 124: 690–695. Fan, X., Mattheis, J.P., <strong>and</strong> Buchanan, D. 1998. Continuous requirement <strong>of</strong> ethylene for apple fruit volatile synthesis. J. Agric. Food Chem., 46: 1959–1963. Fu, L., Cao, J., Li, Q., Lin, L., <strong>and</strong> Jiang, W. 2007. Effect <strong>of</strong> 1-methylcyclopropene on fruit quality <strong>and</strong> physiological disorders in Yali pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) during storage. Food Sci. Tech. Int., 13: 49–54. Gao, H.Y., Zhu, B.Z., Zhu, H.L., Zhang, Y.L., Xie, Y.H., Li, Y.C., <strong>and</strong> Luo, Y.B. 2007. Effect <strong>of</strong> suppression <strong>of</strong> ethylene biosynthesis on flavor products in tomato fruits. Russian J. Plant Physiol., 54: 80–88. Gao, L. <strong>and</strong> Mazza, G. 1995. Characterization, quantitation, <strong>and</strong> distribution <strong>of</strong> anthocyanins <strong>and</strong> colorless phenolics in sweet cherries. J. Agric. Food Chem., 43: 343–346. Gil, M.I., Aguayo, E, <strong>and</strong> Kader, A.A. 2006. Quality changes <strong>and</strong> nutrient retention in fresh-cut versus whole fruits during storage. J. Agric. Food Chem., 54: 4284–4296. Gil, M.I., Holcr<strong>of</strong>t, D.M., <strong>and</strong> Kader, A.A. 1997. Changes in strawberry anthocyanins <strong>and</strong> other polyphenols in response to carbon dioxide treatments. J. Agric. Food Chem., 45: 1662–1667. Giovanelli, G., Lavelli, V., Peri, C., <strong>and</strong> Nobili, S. 1999. Variation in antioxidant components <strong>of</strong> tomato during vine <strong>and</strong> post-harvest ripening. J. Sci. Food Agric., 79: 1583–1588. Gonçalves, B., L<strong>and</strong>bo, A.K., Knudse, D., Silva, A.P., Moutinho-Pereira, J., Rosa, E., <strong>and</strong> Meyer, A.S. 2004. Effect <strong>of</strong> ripeness <strong>and</strong> postharvest storage on the phenolic pr<strong>of</strong>iles <strong>of</strong> cherries (Prunus avium L.). J. Agric. Food Chem., 52: 523–530. Gong, Y., Toivonen, P.M.A., Lau, O.L., <strong>and</strong> Wiersma, P.A. 2001. Antioxidant system level in “Braeburn” apple is related to its browning disorder. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin., 42: 259–264. Gong, Y., Toivonen, P.M.A., Wiersma, P.A., <strong>and</strong> Lu, W. 2000. Effect <strong>of</strong> freezing on the activity <strong>of</strong> catalase in apple flesh tissue. J. Agric. Food Chem., 48: 5537–5542. Griffiths, A., Barry, C.S., Alpuche-Solis, A.G., <strong>and</strong> Grierson, D. 1999. Ethylene <strong>and</strong> developmental signals regulate expression <strong>of</strong> lipoxygenase genes during tomato fruit ripening ehylene <strong>and</strong> developmental signals regulate expression <strong>of</strong> lipoxygenase genes during tomato fruit ripening. J. Exp. Bot., 50: 793–798. Gunes, G., Liu, R.H., <strong>and</strong> Watkins, C.B. 2002. Controlled-atmosphere effects on postharvest quality <strong>and</strong> antioxidant activity <strong>of</strong> cranberry fruits. J. Agric. Food Chem., 50: 5932–5938. Halliwell, B. 2006. Reactive species <strong>and</strong> antioxidants. Redox biology is a fundamental theme <strong>of</strong> aerobic life. Plant Physiol., 141: 312–322. Hartmann, C. 1992. Biochemical changes in harvested cherries. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 1: 231–240. Hayat, I., Masud, T., <strong>and</strong> Rathore, H. 2005. Effect <strong>of</strong> coating <strong>and</strong> wrapping materials on the shelf life <strong>of</strong> apple (Malus domestica cv. Borkh). Int. J. Food Safety, 5: 24–34. Holcr<strong>of</strong>t, D.M., Gil, M.I., <strong>and</strong> Kader, A.A. 1998. Effect <strong>of</strong> carbon dioxide on anthocyanins, phenylalanine ammonia lyase <strong>and</strong> glucosyltransferase in the arils <strong>of</strong> stored pomegranates. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 123: 136–140. Holcr<strong>of</strong>t, D.M. <strong>and</strong> Kader, A.A. 1999. Controlled atmosphere-induced changes in pH <strong>and</strong> organic acid metabolism may affect color <strong>of</strong> stored strawberry fruit. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 17: 19–32. Jaakola, L., Maatta, K., Pirttila, A.M., Torronen, R., Karenlampi, S., <strong>and</strong> Hohtola, A. 2002. Expression <strong>of</strong> genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in relation to anthocyanin, proanthocyanidin, <strong>and</strong> flavonol levels during bilberry fruit development. Plant Physiol., 130: 729–739. Jiang, Y. <strong>and</strong> Joyce, D.C. 2003. ABA effects on ethylene production, PAL activity, anthocyanin <strong>and</strong> phenolic contents <strong>of</strong> strawberry fruit. Plant Growth Regul., 39: 171–174. Kalt, W., Forney, C.F., Martin, A., <strong>and</strong> Prior, R.L. 1999. Antioxidant capacity, vitamin C, phenolics, <strong>and</strong> anthocyanins after fresh storage <strong>of</strong> small fruits. J. Agric. Food Chem., 47: 4638–4644.
464 POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY & TECHNOLOGY OF FRUITS, VEGETABLES, & FLOWERS Kalt, W. <strong>and</strong> McDonald, J.E. 1996. Chemical composition <strong>of</strong> low bush blueberry cultivars. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 121: 142–146. Kang, S.Y., Seeram, N.P., Nair, M.G., <strong>and</strong> Bourquin, L.D. 2003. Tart cherry anthocyanins inhibit tumor development in APC Min mice <strong>and</strong> reduce proliferation <strong>of</strong> human colon cancer cells. Cancer Lett., 194: 13–19. Ketsa, S. <strong>and</strong> Atantee, S. 1998. Phenolics, lignin, peroxidase activity <strong>and</strong> increased firmness <strong>of</strong> damaged pericarp <strong>of</strong> mangosteen fruit after impact. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 14: 117–124. Kevers, C., Falkowski, M., Tabart, J., Defraigne, J.-O., Dommes, J., <strong>and</strong> Pincemail, J. 2007. Evolution <strong>of</strong> antioxidant capacity during storage <strong>of</strong> selected fruits <strong>and</strong> vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem., 55: 8596–8603. Kim, D.O., Heo, H.J., Kim, Y.J., Yang, H.S., <strong>and</strong> Lee, C.Y. 2005. Sweet <strong>and</strong> sour cherry phenolics <strong>and</strong> their protective effects on neuronal cells. J. Agric. Food Chem., 53: 9921–9927. Kondo, S. <strong>and</strong> Hiraoka, K. 2002. Changes in the expression <strong>of</strong> anthocyanins biosynthetic genes during apple development. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 127: 971–976. Konga, W.F., Chena, J.Y., Houc, Z.X., Wena, P.F.I., Zhana, J.C., Pana, Q.H., <strong>and</strong> Huanga, W.D. 2007. Activity <strong>and</strong> subcellular localization <strong>of</strong> glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in peach fruits. J. Plant Physiol., 164: 934–944. Lafuente, M.T., Zacarias, L., Martinez-Tellez, M.A., Sanchez-Ballesta, M.T., <strong>and</strong> Dupille, E. 2001. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase as related to ethylene in the development <strong>of</strong> chilling symptoms during cold storage <strong>of</strong> citrus fruits. J. Agric. Food Chem., 49: 6020–6025. Lamikanra, O. <strong>and</strong> Watson, M.A. 2001. Effects <strong>of</strong> ascorbic acid on peroxidase <strong>and</strong> polyphenoloxidase activities in fresh-cut cantaloupe melon. J. Food Sci., 66: 1283–1286. Lanciotti, R., Corbo, M.R., Gardini, F., Sinigaglia, M., <strong>and</strong> Guerzoni, M.E. 1999. Effect <strong>of</strong> hexanal on the shelf life <strong>of</strong> fresh apple slices. J. Agric. Food Chem., 47: 4769–4776. Larrigaudière, C., Lentheric, I., Pintó, E., <strong>and</strong> Vendrell, M. 2001. Short-term effects <strong>of</strong> air <strong>and</strong> controlled atmosphere storage on antioxidant metabolism in conference pears. J. Plant Physiol., 158: 1015–1022. Larrigaudière, C., Vilaplana, R., Soria, Y., <strong>and</strong> Recasens, I. 2004. Oxidative behaviour <strong>of</strong> Blanquilla pears treated with 1-methylcyclopropene during cold storage. J. Sci. Food Agric., 81: 1871–1877. Lee, S.K. <strong>and</strong> Kader, A.A. 2000. Preharvest <strong>and</strong> postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content <strong>of</strong> horticultural crops. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 20: 207–220. Leja, M., Mareczek, A., <strong>and</strong> Ben, J. 2003. Antioxidant properties <strong>of</strong> two apple cultivars during long-term storage. Food Chem., 80: 303–307. Lelièvre, J.M., Latchè, A., Jones, B., Bouzayen, M., <strong>and</strong> Pech, J.C. 1997. Ethylene <strong>and</strong> fruit ripening. Physiol. Plant., 101: 727–739. Lester, G. 1996. Calcium alters senescence rate <strong>of</strong> postharvest muskmelon fruit disks. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 7: 91–96. Liu, H., Jiang, W., Zhou, L., Wang, B., <strong>and</strong> Luo, Y. 2005a. The effects <strong>of</strong> 1-methylcyclopropene on peach fruit (Prunus persica L. cv. Jiubao) ripening <strong>and</strong> disease resistance. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 40: 1–7. Liu, Y., Wang, H., Ye, H.C., <strong>and</strong> Li, G.F. 2005b. Advances in the plant isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway <strong>and</strong> its metabolic engineering. J. Integr. Plant Biol., 47: 769–782. Logemann, E., Tavernaro, A., Schulz, W., Somssich, I., <strong>and</strong> Hahlbrock, K. 2000. UV light selectively co-induces supply pathways from primary metabolism <strong>and</strong> flavonoidsecondary product formation in parsley. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 97: 1903–1907. Macheix, J., Fleuriet, A., <strong>and</strong> Billot, J. 1990. Fruit Phenolics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. MacLean, D.D., Murr, D.P., DeEll, J.R., <strong>and</strong> Horvath, C.R. 2006. <strong>Postharvest</strong> variation in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) flavonoids following harvest, storage, <strong>and</strong> 1-MCP treatment. J. Agric. Food Chem., 54: 870–878. Martínez-Téllez, M.A. <strong>and</strong> Lafuente, M.T. 1993. Chilling-induced changes in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase, <strong>and</strong> polyphenol oxidase activities in citrus flavedo tissue. Acta Hort., 343: 257–263. Martínez-Téllez, M.A. <strong>and</strong> Lafuente, M.T. 1997. Effect <strong>of</strong> high temperature conditioning on ethylene, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase <strong>and</strong> polyphenol oxidase activities in flavedo <strong>of</strong> chilled “Fortune” m<strong>and</strong>arin fruit. J. Plant Physiol., 150: 674–678. Molina, D.P., Recasens, I., Alegre, S., <strong>and</strong> Larrigaudière, C. 2005. Harvest maturity related changes <strong>and</strong> their influence on antioxidant potential in “Golden Smoothee” apples. Acta Hort., 682: 579–586. Mozetič, B., Simčič, M., <strong>and</strong> Trebše, P. 2006. Anthocyanins <strong>and</strong> hydroxycinnamic acids <strong>of</strong> Lambert Compact cherries (Prunus avium L.) after cold storage <strong>and</strong> 1-methylcyclopropene treatment. Food Chem., 97: 302– 309. Mullen, W., Stewart, A.J., Lean, M.E.J., Gardner, P., Duthie, G.G., <strong>and</strong> Crozier, A. 2002. Effect <strong>of</strong> freezing <strong>and</strong> storage on the phenolics, ellagitannins, flavonoids, <strong>and</strong> antioxidant capacity <strong>of</strong> red raspberries. J. Agric. Food Chem., 50: 5197–5201. Nguyen, T.B.T., Ketsa, S., <strong>and</strong> Doorn, W.G.V. 2003. Relationship between browning <strong>and</strong> the activities <strong>of</strong> polyphenol
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vi CONTENTS 9 Structural Deteriorat
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Contributors Ishan Adyanthaya Depar
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x CONTRIBUTORS Gopinadhan Paliyath
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xii PREFACE difficult to find a boo
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Chapter 1 Postharvest Biology and T
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POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS AFFECTING SE
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Chapter 15 Polyamines and Regulatio
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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Chapter 16 Postharvest Enhancement
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 361 the
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 363 Rese
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 365 Tabl
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 367 Toma
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 369 Such
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 371 Gian
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Chapter 18 Biotechnological Approac
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 375 tec
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 377 pro
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 379 suc
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 381 Fla
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 383 adm
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 385 wer
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 387 Bar
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 389 Kik
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 391 Tat
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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- Page 496 and 497: INDEX 481 Sugars, biosynthesis of,
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