RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 371 Gianinazzi-Pearson, V. <strong>and</strong> Gianinazzi, S. 1989. Cellular <strong>and</strong> genetic aspects <strong>of</strong> interactions between host <strong>and</strong> fungal symbionts in mycorrhizae. Genome, 31: 336–341. Giovannoni, J. 2001. Molecular biology <strong>of</strong> fruit maturation <strong>and</strong> ripening. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 52: 725–749. Glick, B.R., Penrose, D.M., <strong>and</strong> Li, J.P. 1998. A model for the lowering <strong>of</strong> plant ethylene concentrations by plant growth-promoting bacteria. J. Theor. Biol., 190: 63–68. Gupta, V., Satyanarayana, T., <strong>and</strong> Garg, S. 2000. General aspects <strong>of</strong> mycorrhiza. In: Mycorrhiza <strong>Biology</strong> (eds, K.G. Mukerji, B.P. Chamola, <strong>and</strong> J. Singh), Kluwer Academic Press, New York. Gutierrez-Manero, F.J., Ramos-Solano, B., Probanza, A., Mehouachi, J., Tadeo, F.R., <strong>and</strong> Talon, M. 2001. The plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus pumilus <strong>and</strong> Bacillus licheniformis produce high amounts <strong>of</strong> physiologically active gibberellins. Physiol. Plant., 111: 206–211. Hall, J.A., Peirson, D., Ghosh, S., <strong>and</strong> Glick, B.R. 1996. Root elongation in various agronomic crops by the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida GR12-2. Soil Biol. Biochem., 29: 1233–1239. Hayat, R. <strong>and</strong> Ali, S. 2004. Potential <strong>of</strong> summer legumes to fix nitrogen <strong>and</strong> benefit wheat crop under rainfed condition. J. Agron., 3: 273–281. Hobson, G. <strong>and</strong> Grierson, D. (eds) 1993. Tomato. In: Biochemestry <strong>of</strong> Fruit Ripening, Chapman & Hall, London. Houghton, J.T., Jenjins, G.J., <strong>and</strong> Ephraum, J.J. (eds) 1990. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes) Climate Changes, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Jiménez-Delgadillo, M.R. 2004. Peptidos secretados por Bacillus subtilis que codifican la arquitectura de la raiz de Arabidopsis thaliana, Ph.D. dissertation. CINVESTAV, Unidad Irapuato, Mexico. Kapoor, R., Bhoop<strong>and</strong>er, G., <strong>and</strong> Mukerji, K.G. 2002. Mycorrhization <strong>of</strong> cori<strong>and</strong>er (Cori<strong>and</strong>rum sativum L.) to enhance the concentration <strong>and</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> essential oil. J. Sci. Food Agric., 82: 339–342. Kaya, C., Higgs, D., Kirnak, H., <strong>and</strong> Tas, I. 2003. Mycorrhizal colonization improves fruit yield <strong>and</strong> water use efficiency in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) grown under well-watered <strong>and</strong> water stressed conditions. Plant Soil, 253: 287–292. Kays, S.J. 1999. Preharvest factors affecting appearance. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 15: 233–247. Kloepper, J.W. 1993. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria as biological control agents. In: Soil Microbial Ecology: Applications in Agricultural <strong>and</strong> Environmental Management (ed., F.B. Metting, Jr), Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp. 255–274. Kloepper, J.W. 1994. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (other systems). In: Azospirillum/Plant Associations (ed., Y. Okon), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 111–118. Kloepper, J.W. 1996. Host specificity in microbe-microbe interactions. Bioscience, 46: 406–409. Kloepper, J.W., Leong, J., Teintze, M., <strong>and</strong> Scroth, M.N. 1980. Enhanced plant growth by siderophores produced by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Nature, 286: 885–886. Kothari, S.K., Marschner, H., <strong>and</strong> Römheld, V. 1991. Effect <strong>of</strong> a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus <strong>and</strong> rhizosphere micro-organisms on manganese reduction in the rhizosphere <strong>and</strong> manganese concentrations in maize (Zea mays L.). New Phytol., 117: 649–655. Liu, J., Blaylock, L.A., Endre, G., Cho, J., Town, C.D., V<strong>and</strong>enBosch, K.A., <strong>and</strong> Harrison, M.J. 2003. Transcript pr<strong>of</strong>iling coupled with spatial expression analyses reveals genes involved in distinct developmental stages <strong>of</strong> an arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Plant Cell, 15: 2106–2123. Ludwig-Müller, J. 2000. Hormonal balance in plants during colonization by mycorrhizal fungi. In: Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology <strong>and</strong> Function (eds, Y. Kapulnick <strong>and</strong> D.D. Douds, Jr), Kluwer Academic Press, Boston, pp. 263–286. Mäder, P., Fliessbach, A., Dubois, D., Gunst, L., Fried, P., <strong>and</strong> Niggli, U. 2002. Soil fertility <strong>and</strong> biodiversity in organic farming. Science, 296: 1694–1697. Mattheis, J.P. <strong>and</strong> Fellman, J.K. 1999. Preharvest factors influencing flavour <strong>of</strong> fresh fruit <strong>and</strong> vegetables. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 15: 227–232. Mena-Violante, H.G., González-Castañeda, J., Saucedo-Arias, L.J., Davies, F., Gómez-Lim, M.A., <strong>and</strong> Olalde- Portugal, V. 2003. Mycorrhizae alter fruit quality by repressing ripening genes in tomato. In: Fourth International Conference on Mycorrhizae ICOM 4 (eds, Y. Dalpé, G. Bélanger, <strong>and</strong> D. Angers), August 10–15, 2003, Montréal, QC. Mena-Violante, H.G., Ocampo-Jiménez, O., Dendooven, L., Martínez-Soto, G., González-Castañeda, J., Davies, F.T., <strong>and</strong> Olalde-Portugal, V. 2006. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance fruit growth <strong>and</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> chile ancho (Capsicum annuum L. cv. San Luis) plants exposed to drought. Mycorrhiza, 16: 261– 267. Mena-Violante, H.G. <strong>and</strong> Olalde-Portugal, V. 2007. Alteration <strong>of</strong> tomato fruit quality by root inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): Bacillus subtilis BEB-13bs. Sci. Hort., 113: 103–106.
372 POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY & TECHNOLOGY OF FRUITS, VEGETABLES, & FLOWERS Meyer, J.R. <strong>and</strong> Linderman, R.G. 1986. Response <strong>of</strong> subterranean clover to dual inoculation with vesicular arbuscular fungi <strong>and</strong> a plant growth-promoting bacterium, Pseudomonas putida. Soil Biol. Biochem., 18: 185–190. Oke, M., Ahn, T., Sch<strong>of</strong>ield, A., <strong>and</strong> Paliyath, G. 2005. Effects <strong>of</strong> phosphorus fertilizer supplementation on processing quality <strong>and</strong> functional food ingredients in tomato. J. Agric. Food Chem., 53: 1531–1538. Rambelli, A. 1973. The rhizosphere <strong>of</strong> mycorrhizae. In: Ectomycorrhizae (eds, G.L. Marks <strong>and</strong> T.T. Koslowski), Academic Press, New York, pp. 299–343. Ryu, C.-M., Farag, M.A., Hu, C.-H., Reddy, M.S., Wei, H.X., Paré, P.W., <strong>and</strong> Kloepper, J.W. 2003. Bacterial volatiles promote growth in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 100: 4927–4932. Saito, M. 2000. Symbiotic exchange <strong>of</strong> nutrients in arbuscular mycorrhizas: transport <strong>and</strong> transfer <strong>of</strong> phosphorus. In: Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology <strong>and</strong> Function (eds, Y. Kapulnik <strong>and</strong> D.D. Douds, Jr), Kluwer Academic Press, Boston, pp. 85–106. Sams, C.E. 1999. Preharvest factors affecting postharvest texture. <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 15: 249–254. Schreiner, M., Huyskens-Keil, S., Krumbein, A., Schonh<strong>of</strong>, I., <strong>and</strong> Linke, M., 2000. Environmental effects on product quality. In: Fruit <strong>and</strong> Vegetable Quality an Integrated View (eds, R.L. Shewfelt <strong>and</strong> B. Brückner), Technomic, Lancaster, pp. 85–94. Sharpley, A.N., Daniel, T., Sims, T., Lemunyon, J., Stevens, R., <strong>and</strong> Parry, R. 2003. Agricultural Phosphorus <strong>and</strong> Eutrophication. United States Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture Agricultural Research Service ARS 149. Shewfelt, R.L. 1999. What is quality? <strong>Postharvest</strong> Biol. Technol., 15: 197–200. Smith S.E. <strong>and</strong> Read D.J. (eds) 1997. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, Academic Press, San Diego. Tawaraya, K. <strong>and</strong> Saito, M. 1994. Effect <strong>of</strong> vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection on amino acid composition in roots <strong>of</strong> onion <strong>and</strong> white clover. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 40: 339–343. Tawaraya, K., Sasai, K., <strong>and</strong> Wagatsuma, T. 1994. Effect <strong>of</strong> phosphorus application on the contents <strong>of</strong> amino acids <strong>and</strong> reducing sugars in the rhizosphere <strong>and</strong> VA mycorrhizal infection <strong>of</strong> white clover. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 40: 539–543. Vavrina, C.S. 1999. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria via a Transplant Plug Delivery System in the Production <strong>of</strong> Dril Irrigated Pepper. SWFREC Station Report-VEG99.6. University <strong>of</strong> Florida, FL. Vessey, J.K. 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as bi<strong>of</strong>ertilizers. Plant Soil, 255: 571–586. Willer, H. <strong>and</strong> Yussefi, M. (eds) 2004. The World <strong>of</strong> Organic Agriculture Statistics <strong>and</strong> Emerging Trends. International Federation <strong>of</strong> Organic Agriculture Movements, Bonn. Worthington, V. 2001. Nutritional quality <strong>of</strong> organic versus conventional fruits, vegetables <strong>and</strong> grains. J. Altern. Complement. Med., 7: 161–173. Yang, S.F. <strong>and</strong> H<strong>of</strong>fman, N.E. 1984. Ethylene biosynthesis <strong>and</strong> its regulation in higher plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol., 35: 155–189.
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vi CONTENTS 9 Structural Deteriorat
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Contributors Ishan Adyanthaya Depar
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x CONTRIBUTORS Gopinadhan Paliyath
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xii PREFACE difficult to find a boo
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Chapter 1 Postharvest Biology and T
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POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
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COMMON FRUITS, VEGETABLES, FLOWERS,
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Chapter 3 Biochemistry of Fruits Go
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 427 So
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 429 Pr
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 431 e
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 433 el
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 435 st
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Cl O O O OH Cl O OH Cl Cl Cl 2,4-Di
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 439 O
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 441 Le
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Chapter 21 Changes in Nutritional Q
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF F
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Index Abscisic acid (ABA), 65, 210,
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INDEX 469 Biosensor-based technolog
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INDEX 471 Cryptochlorogenic acid (4
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INDEX 473 French bean, 95 Fresh-cut
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INDEX 475 LePLDα3 (AY013253), 213-
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INDEX 477 Pectin methylesterase (PM
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INDEX 479 PSY1 expression, 289 PSY1
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INDEX 481 Sugars, biosynthesis of,