Postharvest Biology and Technology of Fruits, Vegetables, and Flowers

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INDEX 479 PSY1 expression, 289 PSY1 transgenes, 288 PTOM13 expression, 63 PTOM genes, expression of, 61 Pummelo-grapefruit hybrid fruit (Citrus grandis × Citrus paradise cv. Oroblanco), 308 Pumpkin (C. pepo), 16 Pungent vegetables, 14–15 Punicaceae family, 13 Put N-methyl transferase, 323 Pyruvate, 31–32, 33 Quality of a produce, 5–6. See also Biosensor-based technologies basic methods of inspection, 419 biochemical parameters, 10–11 metabolic pathways in, 445–451 Quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HQT), 266 Quince (Cydonia oblonga), 11 Quinic acid, 262 Radiofrequency identification systems, 5–6 Radish (Raphanus sativus), 15 Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), 13 RAN1, 126 Ranunculaceae family, 53 Raspberry (Rubus sp.), 11 Reactive oxygen species (ROS), 450 accumulation, 89 Red ginger flowers, 253 Respiration, of fruits, 31, 445–446 Resveratrol, 267 ReTain R○ , 445 Reverse position-specific (RPS) BLAST searches, 216 Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 67 RG-I backbone, 165 Rhamnogalacturonans, 22 RG-I, 173 RGII, 165 Rhizobacteria, 361–363 Rhizosphere microorganisms and their effects composition, 367–368 quality, 364–366 ripening, 368–369 secondary metabolite production, 368 shelf life, 366 Ribulose-bis-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), 25 Ribulosebis-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), 41 Ribulose-5-phosphate, 37 Rice (Oryza sativa), 208, 293 Ricinus communis, 90 Rindite, 404 Ripe fruits, 13 Ripening process, 19 carbohydrate metabolism anaerobic respiration, 35 cell wall degradation, 26–28 citric acid cycle, 33–34 gluconeogenesis, 34–35 glycosis, 31–33 pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), 35–38 starch degradation, 28–31 effect of heat treatments, postharvest, 246–248 of fruits, 443–444 lipid metabolism, 38–40 and 1-MCP treatment, 143 β-oxidation pathway activity, 376 and polyamines, 324–326 proteolysis and structure breakdown in chloroplasts, 41 role of ethylene, 444–445 role of rhizosphere microorganisms, 368–369 tropical products, 374 RNase LX accumulates, 97 RolABC plants, 384 Rosaceae family, 53 Rosaceous family, 11–12 Rosa sp., 17 Roses, 4, 17, 52, 89 ethylene receptor (RhETR2) in petals of, 132 petal abscission in, 52–53 Rosmarinus officinalis 345 RT-PCR 18S competimer system, 226 Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), 293 Ruby (red seedless), 12 Runner beans (Phaseolus coccineus), 17 Rutabaga (Brassica napus var. napobrassica), 15 Rutabaga (rotabaggar), 15 Rutaceae family, 12 Rutgers, 326 Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 96 S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), 19, 56, 320, 445 Sag12::cinl plants, 104 SAG-encoding enzymes, 97 SAG12-IPT plants, 64 Sag12::ipt plants, 104 SAG12::Kn1 plants, 98 SAG12 mRNAs, 72 SAGs (senescence-associated genes), 66–67 Salicylic acid (SA), 102–103 S-alk(en)yl cysteine sulfoxide, 15 Salmonella enterica, 252–253 Salmonella spp., 433 Sandersonia aurantiaca, 90 Sandersonia cut flowers, 69–71 Sandersonia β-galactosidase genes, 70 Sandersonia spp., 52 Sapindaceae family, 13 Sapodilla (sapota) (Manilkara sapota), 13
480 INDEX Sapota, 14 Sapotaceae family, 13 Sapote mamey fruit (Pouteria sapota), 308 Satsuma mandarin, 12 Saxifragaceae family, 13 Scrophulariaceae family, 53 Secondary plant products anthocyanin biosynthesis, 44–47 ester volatile biosynthesis, 47–48 isoprenoid biosynthesis, 41–44 See1, 72 Sel knockouts, 101 Senescence. See also Cellular changes, during senescence; Flower senescence; Programmed cell death (PCD), during plant senescence alstroemeria sp., 88 genetic analyses, of floral senescence, 52 and heat treatments, postharvest, 248–249 leaf, 88–90 lipids composition, of cell membranes, 444 membrane lipid catabolism during, 197–208 petal, 52–53, 88–90 and polyamines (PAs), 328 Senescence-associated genes (SAGs), 95, 97 Senescence-associated receptor kinase gene (SARK), 99 Senescence-induced receptor kinase (SIRK), 99 Senescence syndrome, 88 Senescing carnation flowers, 52 SENU2 and SENU3 transcripts, 72 Sesquiterpenes, 448 SFPI homolog, 103 Shallot (Allium ascalonicum), 14 Shikimic acid pathway, 261, 265 1,4-Ship TM , 406 Sho gene, 397 Short-chain acyl CoAs, 39 Shrinkage, 398 Siderophore-producing bacteria (Pseudomonas), 362 1,4-Sight TM , 406 Single-chain fragment variable (scFv) format antibody, 428 SIRE technology–measuring principle, 431 Sitosterol, 23 SJCA16R5A15, 277 S-like glycoproteins, 113 SmartFresh TM , 140, 445 Snapdragons, 4, 17 Snf3, 104 Softening, of fruit, 26, 443–444 Solanaceae vegetables, 8 Solanaceous fruits, 16 Solanum lycopersicum, 127 Solubilization, of the middle lamella, 166–167 Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus), 11 Soybean (Glycine max), 17, 102 Spd/Spm acetyl transferase (SSAT), 322 Spd synthase, 323 Sphaghetti squash (C. pepo), 16 Spinach, 2 14-3-3s proteins, 96 Sprouting CIPC, 405–406 1,4-DMN, 406–407 effect of irradiation, 407 ethylene treatments, 408–409 inhibitors, 407–408 maleic hydrazide, 406 mechanism of, 402–403 physiological aging influences, 403–404 potato inhibitors, 405 stimulating agents, 404 Squalene synthase (SQS) Tyr171 (PSY Tyr242), 287–288 Squash, 16 SR120, 62 SR120 expression, 63 Stage of maturity, at harvest, 303–304 Starch, 8 biosynthesis and catabolism in banana, 30–31 break down, 403 degradation, 28–31 molecular forms of, 22 storage of, during ripening, 21 Starch phosphorylase, 28 Stay-green mutants, 96 Stearic acid, 24 Sterol lipid metabolism, 197 Sterols, 23 Stigmasterol, 23 Storage tubers, 399 Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa), 8, 11, 131, 151, 168, 366 cDNA (AY758359), 214 firmness, 327 Fragaria × ananassa ev. Chandler, 308 heat treatments effects, 247–248 PLD activity in activation by calcium, 207–208 kinetic analysis, 205–206 PLD alpha, 210–211 regulation by pH, 203–205 postharvest heat treatments, 181 treated with methyl jasmonate (MJ), 309 wild fruits (Fragaria vesca L.), 306 Streptavidin (SA) chip, 424 STS (silver thiosulfate), 55 Subfamily I ethylene receptors, 127 Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), 342 Sucrose, 438, 446 biosynthesis and catabolism of, 28–30 Sucrose-6-phosphate, 29 Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), 33, 400 Sugar phosphates, 31
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Postharvest Biology and Technology
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Edition first published 2008 c○ 2
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vi CONTENTS 9 Structural Deteriorat
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Contributors Ishan Adyanthaya Depar
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x CONTRIBUTORS Gopinadhan Paliyath
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xii PREFACE difficult to find a boo
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Chapter 1 Postharvest Biology and T
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POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
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COMMON FRUITS, VEGETABLES, FLOWERS,
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Chapter 3 Biochemistry of Fruits Go
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 21 et al., 2
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 23 3.2.2 Lip
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 25 exposure
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 27 isoform o
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 29 Maltose
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 31 content i
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 33 control.
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 35 range fro
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 37 six (gluc
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 39 Ethylene
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 41 3.3.3 Pro
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 43 component
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Phenylalanine Phenylalanine ammonia
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 47 coloratio
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FRUITS 49 Fluhr, R.
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Chapter 4 Biochemistry of Flower Se
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF FLOWER SENESCENCE 5
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PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH DURING PLANT
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(a) (a′) (b) (b′) (c) (d) Fig.
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Chapter 6 Ethylene Perception and G
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ETHYLENE PERCEPTION AND GENE EXPRES
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Chapter 7 Enhancing Postharvest She
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ENHANCING POSTHARVEST SHELF LIFE AN
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THE BREAKDOWN OF CELL WALL COMPONEN
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Table 8.3 Transgenic genetics to de
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Chapter 9 Structural Deterioration
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PHOSPHOLIPASE D, MEMBRANE DETERIORA
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Fig. 9.3 Fracture face of a fully o
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PHOSPHOLIPASE D INHIBITION TECHNOLO
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HEAT TREATMENT FOR ENHANCING POSTHA
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 261 mainly
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 263 Table 1
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 265 Pentose
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 267 Phenyla
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 269 3' OH H
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 271 OH OH O
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 273 compoun
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 275 washing
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 277 (Fujita
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 279 Boyer,
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THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS 281 Peschel
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ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS IN FRUITS A
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Chapter 14 Postharvest Treatments A
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POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS AFFECTING SE
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Chapter 15 Polyamines and Regulatio
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POLYAMINES AND REGULATION OF RIPENI
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Chapter 16 Postharvest Enhancement
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POSTHARVEST ENHANCEMENT OF PHENOLIC
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 361 the
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 363 Rese
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 365 Tabl
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 367 Toma
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 369 Such
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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS 371 Gian
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Chapter 18 Biotechnological Approac
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 375 tec
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 377 pro
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 379 suc
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 381 Fla
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 383 adm
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 385 wer
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 387 Bar
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 389 Kik
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES 391 Tat
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POSTHARVEST FACTORS AFFECTING POTAT
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 419 20
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 421 Ta
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 425 Li
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BIOSENSOR-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 427 So
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