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Action Description Impact<br />

Monitor<strong>in</strong>g and<br />

plann<strong>in</strong>g<br />

International census every 10 years.<br />

Established national censuses and monitor<strong>in</strong>g<br />

schemes [27] .<br />

Medium<br />

Site/area<br />

protection<br />

Site/area<br />

management<br />

Species<br />

management<br />

Livelihood,<br />

economic and<br />

other <strong>in</strong>centives<br />

894 IBAs identified for White stork <strong>in</strong> Europe,<br />

of which 56% are designated as SPAs or other<br />

protected areas and 7% are not protected.<br />

Protection of wet grassland areas.<br />

Habitat management.<br />

Artificial nest creation.<br />

Re<strong>in</strong>troduction programmes.<br />

Agro-environmental schemes.<br />

High<br />

High<br />

Medium<br />

Low<br />

Education Education or awareness programmes [e.g. 40] . High<br />

Legislation<br />

Table 4. Conservation<br />

actions <strong>in</strong> place for<br />

White stork.<br />

Listed under a number of <strong>in</strong>ternational<br />

conventions and agreements (see ‘Legal<br />

protection and conservation status’ above).<br />

Potentially high<br />

High<br />

<strong>in</strong> w<strong>in</strong>ter, where they are dependent on supplementary<br />

food provision<strong>in</strong>g [20] .<br />

Conservation effort <strong>in</strong> a number of countries<br />

is directed towards mitigat<strong>in</strong>g the threat from<br />

overhead power l<strong>in</strong>es by us<strong>in</strong>g stork-friendly<br />

modifications, as well as erect<strong>in</strong>g artificial nest<strong>in</strong>g<br />

platforms [32, 40, 42, 56] .<br />

References<br />

1. Schulz, H. 1998. Ciconia ciconia White Stork.<br />

BWP Update 2: 69–105.<br />

2. Goriup, P. & Schulz, H. 1990. Conservation<br />

management of the White Stork: an <strong>in</strong>ternational<br />

opportunity. Cambridge: International<br />

Council for Bird Preservation.<br />

3. del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. (eds)<br />

1992. Handbook of the Birds of the World.<br />

Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.<br />

4. Schulz, H. 1999. The world population of<br />

the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) – Results<br />

of the 5th International White Stork Census<br />

1994/95. In H. Schulz (ed.). Weißstorch<br />

im Aufw<strong>in</strong>d? – White Stork on the up? –<br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs, International Symposium on<br />

the White Stork, Hamburg 1996: 351–365.<br />

Bonn: NABU.<br />

5. Bairle<strong>in</strong>, F. 1991. Population <strong>studie</strong>s of<br />

White Storks (Ciconia ciconia) <strong>in</strong> Europe. In<br />

C.M. Perr<strong>in</strong>s, J.-D. Lebreton & G.J.M. Hirons<br />

(eds). Bird Population Studies: Relevance to<br />

Conservation and Management: 207–229.<br />

Oxford: Oxford University Press.<br />

6. Thomsen, K.-M. 2008. Weltweite<br />

Volkszählung beim Weißstorch. Der Falke<br />

55: 453–459.<br />

7. UNEP / AEWA Secretariat. 2012. Agreement<br />

on the Conservation of African-Eurasian<br />

Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) – Agreement<br />

Text and Action Plan (Version adopted by<br />

MOP5). Bonn: UNEP / AEWA Secretariat.<br />

8. Wetlands International. 2012. Waterbird<br />

Population Estimates. Fifth edition. Available<br />

from: http://wpe.wetlands.org [accessed on<br />

04 April 2013].<br />

184

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