Action Description Impact Monitor<strong>in</strong>g and plann<strong>in</strong>g International census every 10 years. Established national censuses and monitor<strong>in</strong>g schemes [27] . Medium Site/area protection Site/area management Species management Livelihood, economic and other <strong>in</strong>centives 894 IBAs identified for White stork <strong>in</strong> Europe, of which 56% are designated as SPAs or other protected areas and 7% are not protected. Protection of wet grassland areas. Habitat management. Artificial nest creation. Re<strong>in</strong>troduction programmes. Agro-environmental schemes. High High Medium Low Education Education or awareness programmes [e.g. 40] . High Legislation Table 4. Conservation actions <strong>in</strong> place for White stork. Listed under a number of <strong>in</strong>ternational conventions and agreements (see ‘Legal protection and conservation status’ above). Potentially high High <strong>in</strong> w<strong>in</strong>ter, where they are dependent on supplementary food provision<strong>in</strong>g [20] . Conservation effort <strong>in</strong> a number of countries is directed towards mitigat<strong>in</strong>g the threat from overhead power l<strong>in</strong>es by us<strong>in</strong>g stork-friendly modifications, as well as erect<strong>in</strong>g artificial nest<strong>in</strong>g platforms [32, 40, 42, 56] . References 1. Schulz, H. 1998. Ciconia ciconia White Stork. BWP Update 2: 69–105. 2. Goriup, P. & Schulz, H. 1990. Conservation management of the White Stork: an <strong>in</strong>ternational opportunity. Cambridge: International Council for Bird Preservation. 3. del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. (eds) 1992. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 4. Schulz, H. 1999. The world population of the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) – Results of the 5th International White Stork Census 1994/95. In H. Schulz (ed.). Weißstorch im Aufw<strong>in</strong>d? – White Stork on the up? – Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs, International Symposium on the White Stork, Hamburg 1996: 351–365. Bonn: NABU. 5. Bairle<strong>in</strong>, F. 1991. Population <strong>studie</strong>s of White Storks (Ciconia ciconia) <strong>in</strong> Europe. In C.M. Perr<strong>in</strong>s, J.-D. Lebreton & G.J.M. Hirons (eds). Bird Population Studies: Relevance to Conservation and Management: 207–229. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 6. Thomsen, K.-M. 2008. Weltweite Volkszählung beim Weißstorch. Der Falke 55: 453–459. 7. UNEP / AEWA Secretariat. 2012. Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) – Agreement Text and Action Plan (Version adopted by MOP5). Bonn: UNEP / AEWA Secretariat. 8. Wetlands International. 2012. Waterbird Population Estimates. Fifth edition. Available from: http://wpe.wetlands.org [accessed on 04 April 2013]. 184
9. UNEP-WCMC Species Database. Cambridge: United Nations Environmental Program, World Conservation Monitor<strong>in</strong>g Centre. Available from: http://www.unep-wcmc-apps.org/isdb/Taxonomy/ [accessed on: 04 April 2013]. 10. IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org [accessed on 04 April 2013]. 11. BirdLife International. 2004. Birds <strong>in</strong> Europe: Population Estimates, Trends and Conservation Status. Cambridge: BirdLife International. 12. BirdLife International. 2004. Birds <strong>in</strong> the European Union: A Status Assessment. Wagen<strong>in</strong>gen: BirdLife International. 13. Haverschmidt, F.o. 1949. The Life of the White Stork. Leiden: E. J. Brill. 14. Dall<strong>in</strong>ga, J.H. & Schoenmakers, S. 1989. Population changes of the White Stork Ciconia ciconia s<strong>in</strong>ce the 1850s <strong>in</strong> relation to food resources. In G. Rhe<strong>in</strong>wald, J. Ogden & H. Schulz (eds). Weißstorch – White Stork. Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the First International Stork Conservation Symposium, Walsrode, 14–19 October 1985: 231–262. Bonn: Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten. 15. Rhe<strong>in</strong>wald, G. 1989. Versuch e<strong>in</strong>er bilanz. In G. Rhe<strong>in</strong>wald, J. Ogden & H. Schulz (eds). Weißstorch – White Stork. Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the First International Stork Conservation Symposium, Walsrode, 14–19 October 1985: 221–227. Bonn: Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten. 16. Schüz, E. & Szijj, J. 1962. Report on the <strong>in</strong>ternational census of the White Stork 1958. Bullet<strong>in</strong> of the International Council for Bird Preservation 8: 86–98. 17. Boettcher-Streim, W. & Schüz, E. 1989. Bericht über die IV. <strong>in</strong>ternationale bestandsaufnahme des weißstorchs 1984 und vergleich mit 1974 (6. übersicht). In G. Rhe<strong>in</strong>wald, J. Ogden & H. Schulz (eds). Weißstorch – White Stork. Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the First International Stork Conservation Symposium, Walsrode, 14–19 October 1985: 193–219. Bonn: Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten. 18. Skriver, J. 2008. Danmarks vilde storke er uddøde. Available from: http://www. dof.dk/<strong>in</strong>dex.php?id=nyheder&s=nyheder&m=visn<strong>in</strong>g&nyhed_id=517 [accessed on 10 May 2013]. 19. PECBMS. 2013. Trends of Common Birds <strong>in</strong> Europe, 2013 Update. Available from: http:// www.ebcc.<strong>in</strong>fo/pecbm.html [accessed on 15 August 2013]. 20. Thomsen, K.-M. 2013. <strong>in</strong> litt. 21. Hagermeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. 1997. The EBCC Atlas of European Breed<strong>in</strong>g Birds: Their Distribution and Abundance. London: T. & A. D. Poyser. 22. Reiser, O. 1905. Materialien zu e<strong>in</strong>er Ornis Balcanica. Vol. 3. Griechenland. Vienna: In Kommission bei C. Gerold’s Sohn. 23. Vaschetti, G. & Boano, G. 2004. White Stork Ciconia ciconia (L<strong>in</strong>naeus, 1758). In M. Spagnesi & L. Serra (eds). Ucelli d’ Italia – Volume II. Rome and Bologna: M<strong>in</strong>istero dell’ Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio and Istituto Nazionale per la Fauna Selvatica “A. Ghigi”. Available from: http://www.iucn. it/documenti/flora.fauna.italia/2-uccelli-1/ files/Ciconiiformes/Cicogna_Bianca/ Cicogna_Bianca_gb.htm [accessed on 04 May 2013]. 24. Galchyonkov, D. 2013. Russia – Russland. In K.-M. Thomsen (ed.). White Stork Populations Across the World: Results of the 6th International White Stork Census 2004/2005 – Weißstörche <strong>in</strong> aller Welt: Ergebnisse des 6. Internationalen Weißstorchzensus 2004/2005: 29. Berl<strong>in</strong>: NABU. 25. Grishechnko, V. 2013. Ukra<strong>in</strong>e – Ukra<strong>in</strong>e. In K.-M. Thomsen (ed.). White Stork Populations Across the World: Results of the 6th International White Stork Census 2004/2005 – Weißstörche <strong>in</strong> aller Welt: Ergebnisse des 6. Internationalen Weißstorchzensus 2004/2005: 32. Berl<strong>in</strong>: NABU. 26. Tucker, G.M. & Evans, M.I. 1997. Habitats for Birds <strong>in</strong> Europe: a Conservation Strategy for the Wider Environment. Cambridge: BirdLife International. 27. Schulz, H. 1999. The 5th International White Stork Census 1994/95 – Preparation, realisation and methods. In H. Schulz (ed.). Weißstorch im Aufw<strong>in</strong>d? – White Stork on the up? – Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs, International Symposium on the White Stork, Hamburg 1996: 39–48. Bonn: NABU. 28. Schaub, M., Kania, W. & Köppen, U. 2005. Variation of primary production dur<strong>in</strong>g w<strong>in</strong>ter <strong>in</strong>duces synchrony <strong>in</strong> survival rates <strong>in</strong> migratory white storks Ciconia ciconia. Animal Ecology 74: 656–666. 29. Dall<strong>in</strong>ga, J.H. & Schoenmakers, S. 1987. Regional decrease <strong>in</strong> the number of White Storks (Cicnonia c. ciconia) <strong>in</strong> relation to food resources. Colonial Waterbirds 10: 167–177. 30. Tryjanowski, P., Sparks, T.H., Ptaszyk, J. & Kosicki, J. 2004. Do White Storks Ciconia ciconia always profit from an early return to their breed<strong>in</strong>g grounds? Bird Study 51: 222–227. 31. Garrido, J.R. & Fernández-Cruz, M. 2003. Effects of power l<strong>in</strong>es on a White Stork Ciconia ciconia population <strong>in</strong> central Spailn. Ardeola 50: 191–200. 32. Kaluga, I., Sparks, T.H. & Tryjanowski, P. 2012. Reduc<strong>in</strong>g death by electrocution of the white stork Ciconia ciconia. Conservation Letters 4: 483–487. 33. Mart<strong>in</strong>, G.R. & Shaw, J.M. 2010. Bird collisions with power l<strong>in</strong>es: Fail<strong>in</strong>g to see the way ahead? Biological Conservation 143: 2695–2702. 34. Schaub, M. & Pradel, R. 2004. Assess<strong>in</strong>g the relative importance of different sources of mortality from recoveries of marked animals. Ecology 85: 930–938. 35. Schaub, M. & Lebreton, J.-D. 2004. Test<strong>in</strong>g the additive versus the compensatory hypothesis of mortality from r<strong>in</strong>g recovery data us<strong>in</strong>g a random effects model. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 27: 73–85. 36. Dolata, P.T. 2006. The White Stork Ciconia ciconia protection <strong>in</strong> Poland by tradition, customs, law, and active efforts. In P. Tryjanowski, T.H. Sparks & L. Jerzak (eds). The White Stork <strong>in</strong> Poland: Studies <strong>in</strong> Biology, Ecology and Conservation: 477–492. Poznań: Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe. 37. BirdLife Malta. 2011. White Storks Hunted Down. Available from: http://www.birdlife. org/community/2011/05/white-storkshunted-down/ [accessed on 10 May 2013]. 38. Hancock, J.A., Kushlan, J.A. & Kahl, M.P. 1992. Storks, Ibises and Spoonbills of the World. London: Academic Press. 39. Berthold, P., Van Den Bossche, W., Fiedler, W., Kaatz, C., Kaatz, M., Leshem, Y., Nowak, E. & Querner, U. 2001. Detection of a new important stag<strong>in</strong>g and w<strong>in</strong>ter<strong>in</strong>g area of the White Stork Ciconia ciconia by satellite track<strong>in</strong>g. Ibis 143: 450–455. 40. Czujkowska, A., Królak, T., Łukasik, D., Olszewski, A., Rzępała, M., Tarłowski, A. & Wierzbicka, A. 2012. Poradnik ochrony bociana białego. Warsaw: Towarzystwo Przyrodnicze „Bocian”. 41. Thomsen, K.-M. 2013. White Stork Populations Across the World: Results of the 6th International White Stork Census 2004/2005 – Weißstörche <strong>in</strong> aller Welt: Ergebnisse des 6. Internationalen Weißstorchzensus 2004/2005. Berl<strong>in</strong>: NABU. 42. Mol<strong>in</strong>a, B. & del Moral, J.C. 2004. La Cigüeña Blanca en España. VI Censo Internacional (2004). Madrid: SEO/BirdLife. 43. Negro, J.J., Tella, J.L., Blanco, G., Forero, M.G. & Garrido-Fernández, J. 2000. Diet expla<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong>terpopulation variation of plasma carotenoids and sk<strong>in</strong> pigmentation <strong>in</strong> nest<strong>in</strong>g White Storks. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 73: 97–101. 44. Correia, A.M. 2001. Seasonal and <strong>in</strong>terspecific evaluation of predation by mammals and birds on the <strong>in</strong>troduced red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Crustacea, Cambaridae) <strong>in</strong> a freshwater marsh (Portugal). Journal of Zoology 255: 533–541. 45. Barbraud, C., Barbraud, J.-C., Barbraud, M. & Delord, K. 2002. Changements recents dans le régime alimentaire des pouss<strong>in</strong>s de Cigogne Blanche Ciconia ciconia en Charente-Maritime (centre-ouest, France). Alauda 70: 437–444. 46. Peris, S.J. 2003. Feed<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> urban refuse dumps: <strong>in</strong>gestion of plastic objects by the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia). Ardeola 50: 81–84. 47. Tortosa, F.S., Caballero, J.M. & Reyes-López, J. 2002. Effect of rubbish dumps on breed<strong>in</strong>g success <strong>in</strong> the White Stork <strong>in</strong> southern Spa<strong>in</strong>. Waterbirds 25: 39–43. 48. Tortosa, F.S., Máñez, M. & Barcell, M. 1995. W<strong>in</strong>ter<strong>in</strong>g White Storks (Ciconia ciconia) <strong>in</strong> South West Spa<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> the years 1991 and 1992. Vogelwarte 38: 41–45. 49. Tortosa, F.S., Pérez, L. & Hillström, L. 2003. Effect of food abundance on lay<strong>in</strong>g date and clutch size <strong>in</strong> the White Stork Ciconia ciconia. Bird Study 50: 112–115. 50. Blanco, G. 1996. Population dynamics and communal roost<strong>in</strong>g of white storks forag<strong>in</strong>g at a Spanish refuse dump. Colonial Waterbirds 19: 273–276. 51. Kruszyk, R. & Ciach, M. 2010. White Storks, Ciconia ciconia, forage on rubbish dumps <strong>in</strong> Poland – a novel behaviour <strong>in</strong> population. European Journal of Wildlife Research 56: 83–87. 52. Archaux, F., Balança, G., Henry, P.-Y. & Zapata, G. 2004. W<strong>in</strong>ter<strong>in</strong>g of White Storks <strong>in</strong> Mediterranean France. Waterbirds 27: 441–445. 53. Massem<strong>in</strong>-Challet, S., Gendner, J.-P., Samtmann, S., Pichegru, L., Wulgué, A. & Le Maho, Y. 2006. The effect of migration strategy and food availability on White Stork Ciconia ciconia breed<strong>in</strong>g success. Ibis 148: 503–508. 54. Gordo, O., Sanz, J.J. & Lobo, J.M. 2007. Spatial patterns of white stork (Ciconia ciconia) migratory phenology <strong>in</strong> the Iberian Pen<strong>in</strong>sula. Journal of Ornithology 148: 293–308. 55. Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste. Official Journal of the European Communities: L 182/1. 56. Carreira, P.J.G., Maricato, L.M.G., Costa Mendes, N.M.S., Bastião, F., M. L., Madeira, V.M.C. & de Almeida, A.T. 2011. Management of storks and quality of energy service. In EPQU 2011: 11th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation. Lisbon: IEEE Xplore Digital Library. Peer reviewer • Kai-Michael Thomsen 185
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Wildlife comeback in Europe The rec
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Table of contents Foreword . . . .
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Poland [10] and Estonia [28] . It i
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lineages for the local area and min
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18. IUCN 2011b. European Red List.
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Dalmatian pelicans at the Kerkini L
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The comeback of large and charismat
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species [44] [45] and if animals be
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Box 1. Return and urbanization of w
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Table 1. Livestock damage by mammal
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key tool for wildlife population in
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Some of the over 500,000 visitors a
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References 1. Navarro, L.M. and H.M
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113. Potena, G., et al., Brown Bear
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Appendix 1. Sources of distribution
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Acknowledgements This study on wild