130925-studie-wildlife-comeback-in-europe

Scale Status Population trend Justification Threats
Global
[1]
Least Concern Unknown Widespread
Large population
Largest population stable (Alps)
Development
Agriculture
Exploitation
Human disturbance
Invasive species/genes
Problematic native species
Europe
[12]
Least Concern Unknown Widespread
Large population
Human disturbance
Invasive species
Largest population stable (Alps)
Europe – tatrica:
tatrica:
tatrica:
tatrica:
regional
Critically Decreasing
Very small population
Interbreeding
populations
Endangered
[1]
cartusiana:
Projected continuing decline
cartusiana:
Vulnerable
Stable
Interbreeding
cartusiana:
Confinement to single location
Table 2.
Summary of Global
and European Red
List assessments and
threats listed for the
Northern chamois.
Table 3.
Latest population
estimates for the
Northern chamois
globally, in Europe
and for European
populations.
The Balkan chamois (R. r. balcanica) is stable in
Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Slovenia
and Serbia, vulnerable in Albania, rare in Bulgaria
and endangered in Greece [17] . Here, it is listed in
the Red Data Book of Threatened Vertebrates [18]
and shooting has been banned since 1969 [17] .
Poaching, which occurs both inside and outside
protected areas, is considered the biggest threat
but adventure tourism may be a growing problem
in the future [17] .
Abundance and distribution: changes
As with many of the historical and 1950s/60s maps
collected for this report, the 1955 distribution for
the Northern chamois shown in Figure 1a is much
coarser in resolution than the present day map [20] ,
making a comparison difficult. Although the best
available, the 1955 distribution is misleading, as
much of it falls mostly or entirely outside suitable
Estimate Year assessed Reference
Global Unknown -
-
Europe (based on below) 485,580 2004/5
[19]
% of global population -
Austria 150,000 2004/5
[19]
Czech Republic 400 2004/5
[19]
Croatia 400 2004/5
[19]
France 62,500 2004/5
[19]
Germany 20,000 2004/5
[19]
Greece 800 2004/5
[19]
Italy 136,700 2004/5
[19]
Poland 80 2004/5
[19]
Romania 6,800 2004/5
[19]
Serbia 600 2004/5
[19]
Slovakia 600 2004/5
[19]
Switzerland 90,000 2004/5
[19]
Slovenia 15,600 1995
[19]
chamois habitat, and populations which were
isolated at the time appear to be connected, giving
the false impression of a large area of occupancy [20] .
As such, the apparent reduction in range of over
40% between 1955 and 2008 must not be taken at
face value and instead interpreted with extreme
caution, as it is likely an artefact of different
map resolutions in time as opposed to a genuine
decline in range size [20] . The Northern chamois
was, however, able to persist in most of the larger
mountain ranges, e.g. the central Alps, central
Dinaric, Carpathians and Sudetes, and southern
Russia, and was even able to expand into the Massif
Central, Jura, Black Forest, parts of the Sudetes and
very small populations in and around the Dinaric
mountains and southern Bulgaria (Figures 1a and
b).
In terms of abundance, Northern chamois
populations in Europe have increased by around
90% over the period from 1960 and 2005, although
this trend is not consistently positive in each
decade (Figure 2). The trend is based on 10 populations
from across Europe, representing a minimum
of 98,400 individuals or 20% of the total European
population of 2004/5 and the data were from 44%
of the countries of occurrence. Trend information
was missing from a number of locations within
the species’ current range, including the Massif
Central in France, Germany, the Czech Republic, all
of former Yugoslavia and Greece.
Drivers of recovery
Our analysis revealed no significant factors for
either positive or negative abundance change.
The decrease observed in the 1990s (Figure 2)
can be attributed to populations from the Tatra
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