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References 1. Martínez-Cruz, B. & Godoy, J.A. 2007. Genetic evidence for a recent divergence and subsequent gene flow between Spanish and Eastern Imperial Eagles. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: 170. 2. del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. (eds) 1992. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 3. Cramp, S. (ed.) 1980. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. The Birds of the Western Palearctic. Vol 2. Hawks to Bustards. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4. González, L.M. 2008. Orig<strong>in</strong> and formation of the Spanish Imperial Eagle (Aquila adalberti). Journal of Ornithology 149: 151–159. 5. BirdLife International. 2013. Species factsheet: Aquila heliaca. Available from: http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3535 [accessed on 05 May 2013]. 6. Heredia, B. 1996. International Action Plan for the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca). Strasbourg: European Commission. 7. Demerdzhiev, D., Horváth, M., Kovács, A., Stoychev, S. & Karyak<strong>in</strong>, I. 2011. Status and population trend of the Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) <strong>in</strong> Europe <strong>in</strong> the period 2000−2010. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica Suppl. 3: 5−14. 8. Horváth, M. 2013. <strong>in</strong> litt. 9. Sorok<strong>in</strong>, A. 2009. Kondo-Alymskaya ornithological anomaly, Russia. Raptor Conservation 15: 90–96. 10. Moshk<strong>in</strong>, A.V. 2009. Records of the Imperial Eagle <strong>in</strong> the Tyumen District and Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Region, Russia. Raptor Conservation 15: 127−128. 11. Demerdzhiev, D.A., Gradev, G.Z., Stoychev, S.A., Ivanov, I.I., Petrov, T.H. & Mar<strong>in</strong>, S.A. 2011. Status and population trend of the Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) <strong>in</strong> Europe <strong>in</strong> the period 2000–2010. Acta Zoological Bulgarica Suppl. 3: 5–14. 12. Bagyura, J., Szitta, T., Haraszthy, L., Firmánszky, G., Viszló, L., Kovács, A., Demeter, I. & Horváth, M. 2002. Population <strong>in</strong>crease of Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) <strong>in</strong> Hungary between 1980 and 2000. Aquila 107–108: 133–144. 13. Horváth, M., Haraszthy, L., Bagyura, J. & Kovács, A. 2002. Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) populations <strong>in</strong> Europe. Aquila 107–108: 193–204. 14. Mebs, T. & Schmidt, D. 2006. Die Greifvögel Europas, Nordafrikas und Vorderasiens. Stuttgart: Kosmos. 15. Petrov, T., Iankov, P., Darakchiev, A., Nikolov, K., Michev, T., Profirov, L. & Milchev, B. 1996. Status of the Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca <strong>in</strong> Bulgaria <strong>in</strong> the period between 1890 and 1993. In B.-U. Meyburg & R.D. Chancellor (eds). Eagle Studies: 429–434. Berl<strong>in</strong>: WWGBP. 16. Horváth, M., Szitta, T., Fatér, I., Kovács, A., Demeter, I., Firmánszky, G. & Bagyura, J. 2011. Population dynamics of Imperial Eagles <strong>in</strong> Hungary between 2001 and 2009. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica Suppl. 3: 61–70. 17. Horváth, M., Szitta, T., Firmánszky, G., Solti, B., Kovács, A., Kabai, P. & Moskát, C. 2010. Effects of prey composition on the reproductive success of Imperial Eagles (Aquila heliaca). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 56: 187–200. 18. Demerdzhiev, D.A. Unpublished data. 19. Simeonov, S.D. & Petrov, T.H. 1980. Studies on the food of the Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca, the Buzzard Buteo buteo and the Rough-legged Buzzard Buteo lagopus. Ecology 7: 22–30. 20. IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org [accessed on 04 April 2013]. 21. BirdLife International. 2004. Birds <strong>in</strong> Europe: Population Estimates, Trends and Conservation Status. Cambridge: BirdLife International. 22. BirdLife International. 2004. Birds <strong>in</strong> the European Union: A Status Assessment. Wagen<strong>in</strong>gen: BirdLife International. 23. Demerdzhiev, D., Gradev, G., Stoychev, S., Ivanov, I., Petrov, T. & Mar<strong>in</strong>, S. 2011. Increase of the population of the Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) <strong>in</strong> Bulgaria. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica Suppl. 3: 41–54. 24. Hallmann, B. 2008. Imperial Eagles <strong>in</strong> Macedonia [presentation]. Proceed<strong>in</strong>g of 6th International Conference on the Conservation of the Eastern Imperial Eagle, 5–7 September 2008. Topolovgrad, Bulgaria. 25. Grubač, B. & Stojnić, N. 2011. Present status and conservation of Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca (Falconiformes, Aves) <strong>in</strong> Serbia. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica Suppl. 3: 79–86. 26. Wichmann, G. 2011. The situation of the Eastern Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca <strong>in</strong> Austria. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica Suppl. 3: 37–40. 27. Horal, D. 2011. Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) <strong>in</strong> the Czech Republic. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica Suppl. 3: 55–59. 28. Danko, Š., Chavko, J., Demeter, G., Mihók, J., Izakovič, J., Latková, H., Siryová, S., Noga, M. & Nemček, V. 2011. Conservation of Eastern Imperial Eagle <strong>in</strong> the Slovak part of the Carpathian Bas<strong>in</strong> – results of the EU LIFE-Nature Project (2003–2007). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica Suppl. 2: 71–78. 29. Barov, B. & Derhé, M. 2011. Review of the Implementation of Species Action Plans of Threatened Birds <strong>in</strong> the European Union (2004–2010). Cambridge: BirdLife International. 30. Demerdzhiev, D. 2013. <strong>in</strong> litt. 31. Gamauf, A. 2012. A prelim<strong>in</strong>ary overview of raptor monitor<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Austria. Acrocephalus 33: 159−166. 32. Horal, D. 2013. <strong>in</strong> litt. 33. Legakis, A. & Maragou, P. 2009. The Greek Red Data Book. Athens: Hellenic Zoological Society. 34. Velevski, M. 2013. <strong>in</strong> litt. 35. Belik, V. 2013. <strong>in</strong> litt. 36. Puzović, S. & Ružić, M. 2013. <strong>in</strong> litt. 37. Štátna Ochrana Prírody Slovenskej Republiky. 2013. Vyhodnotenie Stavu Populacie, Trendov. Banská Bystrica: Štátna Ochrana Prírody Slovenskej Republiky. 38. Voous, K.H. 1960. Atlas of European Birds. New York: Nelson. 39. Hagermeijer, W.J.M. & Blair, M.J. 1997. The EBCC Atlas of European Breed<strong>in</strong>g Birds: Their Distribution and Abundance. London: T. & A. D. Poyser. 40. Hellicar, M.A. 2013. <strong>in</strong> litt. Peer reviewers • Dimitar Demerdzhiev • Márton Horváth 253
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Stefanie Deinet Christina Ieronymid
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Wildlife comeback in Europe The rec
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Table of contents Foreword . . . .
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Foreword Shifting baselines In Euro
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The Adriatic coastline of the Veleb
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96 year old olive farmer with his d
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Limitations of population trend dat
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Constructing historical distributio
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Red deer at the Oostvaardersplassen
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Table 2. Definitions of classificat
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3.1. European bison Bison bonasus S
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Table 2. Latest population estimate
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Figure 1c. Map highlighting areas o
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Rank Reason for change Description
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3.2. Alpine ibex Capra ibex Summary
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Figure 1a. Distribution of Alpine i
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% change 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Fig
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3.3. Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica S
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Figure 1a. Distribution of Iberian
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Rank Reason for change Description
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3.4. Southern chamois Rupicapra pyr
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Figure 1a. Distribution of Southern
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Rank Reason for change Description
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3.5. Northern chamois Rupicapra rup
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Scale Status Population trend Justi
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Subspecies balcanica Exploitation B
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3.6. Eurasian elk Alces alces Summa
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Figure 1a. Distribution of Eurasian
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Poland [10] and Estonia [28] . It i
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References 1. Geist, V. 1998. Deer
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3.7. Roe deer Capreolus capreolus S
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Estimate Year assessed Reference Gl
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Figure 2. Change in Roe deer popula
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Recent developments As discussed ab
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3.8. Red deer Cervus elaphus Summar
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Estimate Year assessed Reference Gl
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% change 750 600 450 300 150 0 Figu
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lineages for the local area and min
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3.9. Wild boar Sus scrofa Summary T
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Abundance and distribution: changes
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References 1. IUCN 2011a. The IUCN
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3.10. Golden jackal Canis aureus Su
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Estimate Year assessed Reference Gl
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Recent developments Table 3. Major
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3.11. Grey wolf Canis lupus Summary
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Estimate Year assessed Reference Gl
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Drivers of recovery Figure 2. Distr
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References 1. Mech, L.D. & Boitani,
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3.12. Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx Summa
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Estimate Year assessed Reference Gl
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% change 750 600 450 300 150 0 Figu
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Figure 3. Map of recent development
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3.13. Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus Su
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Figure 1a. Distribution of the Iber
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Table 3. Major reasons for positive
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18. IUCN 2011b. European Red List.
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3.14. Wolverine Gulo gulo Summary T
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Figure 1a. Distribution of Wolverin
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3.15. Grey seal Halichoerus grypus
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Estimate assessed Reference Global
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% change 1500 1200 900 600 300 0 Fi
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east coast, the distribution is res
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Figure 3. Map of recent development
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3.17. Brown bear Ursus arctos Summa
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Table 2. Latest population estimate
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144
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Recent developments % change 200 15
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mation, e.g. between Slovenia and C
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3.18. Eurasian beaver Castor fiber
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Estimate Year assessed Reference Gl
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% change 20,000 16,000 12,000 200 1
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Table 2. Major threats that drove P
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Figure 2. Current breeding and wint
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Table 3. Conservation actions in pl
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Threat Description Impact Hunting a
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4.4. White-headed duck Oxyura leuco
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No. of individuals 5000 4500 4000 3
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educing the population in the count
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4.5. White stork Ciconia ciconia Su
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Country No. of breeding pairs Trend
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Action Description Impact Monitorin
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4.6. Eurasian spoonbill Platalea le
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Country No. of breeding pairs No. o
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Threat Description Impact Residenti
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4.7. Dalmatian pelican Pelecanus cr
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Table 3 Major threats that drove th
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4.8. Lesser kestrel Falco naumanni
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Figure 2. Current distribution of L
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References 1. Navarro, L.M. and H.M
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113. Potena, G., et al., Brown Bear
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Appendix 1. Sources of distribution
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Acknowledgements This study on wild