Memory of the World; 2012 - unesdoc - Unesco

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4th c. 5th c. 6th c. 7th c. 8th c. 9th c. 10th c. 11th c. 12th c. 13th c. 14th c. 15th c. 16th c. 17th c. 18th c. 19th c. 20th c. 21st c. Earliest Islamic (Kufic) inscription Inscribed 2003 What is it An Arabic inscription, dated 24 Hegira (equivalent to AD 644), engraved on a rock located near al-Ula in the northwest Saudi Arabia. Why was it inscribed The inscription, in Kufic script, is the first and oldest dated Arabic inscription in the world and the earliest Islamic inscription. Where is it Near al-Ula, Saudi Arabia This inscription, from the 7th century AD, was carved into a block of red sandstone located south of Qa’a al Muatadil and north of Sharma in northwestern Saudi Arabia. The rock stands on an ancient trade and pilgrimage route that connected the early Islamic city of al-Mabiyat with Madain Saleh, a city known to the Romans as Hegra and which was originally part of the Nabatean kingdom in the 1st century AD, their second city after Petra. By the time the inscription was carved, Madain Saleh was on the pilgrimage route to Mecca further south. The inscription itself reads: ‘Bismallah Ana Zuhair Kataba zaman maout Omar sanat Arba Wa eshrain’, which translates as, ‘In the name of God I Zuhair wrote the date of the death of Omar the year four and twenty (Hegira)’. The Omar mentioned in the inscription was Omar or Umar bin al-Khattab, the second caliph to rule after the death of the Prophet Mohammed. He is also named in the Sunni Muslim tradition as one of the four rightly guided, or righteous caliphs who succeeded the Prophet. Although he ruled the caliphate for only 10 years from 634 until his death in 644, his military and political prowess brought the vast expansion of Muslim lands, ultimately including the conquest of the Persian Empire. Omar also established the Muslim calendar. Its start date was taken to be AD 622, the year the Prophet Mohammed moved from Mecca to Medina. Omar was stabbed and mortally wounded in an assassination attempt. He died on the last night of the month of Dul-Hajj of the 48 Earliest Islamic (Kufic) inscription year 23 Hegira, and was buried next day on the first day of Muharram of the new year 24 Hegira (corresponding to AD 644). The inscription is in Kufic script, in a style without dots and in a relatively early or crude form of the script. The term ‘Kufic’ relates to the Muslim city of Kufah which was founded in Mesopotamia (in modern-day southern Iraq) in AD 638, although the script was used in the region
efore the city was established and may have taken its name because the style was developed there. Kufic script, which fell into disuse around the 11th or 12th century, was generally used as a display script on metal and stone, on coins and in mural inscriptions and, in this instance, on rock. 49
Page 1 and 2: memory world of the the treasures t
Page 3 and 4: memory of the world Published joint
Page 5 and 6: Contents Foreword .................
Page 7 and 8: Privateering and the international
Page 9 and 10: Foreword by Irina Bokova Director-G
Page 11 and 12: Memory of the World Register UNITED
Page 13 and 14: Europe UNITED KINGDOM (8) IRELAND (
Page 15 and 16: Bulgaria Enina Apostolos, Old Bulga
Page 17 and 18: The Deed For Endowment: Rab’ i-Ra
Page 19 and 20: Slavonic publications in Cyrillic s
Page 21 and 22: memory of the world documents order
Page 23 and 24: social, commercial, religious and a
Page 25 and 26: Indian subcontinent, as illustrated
Page 27 and 28: include Books of the Dead (includin
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Page 35 and 36: itself is becoming dispersed and is
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Page 49 and 50: In the 19th century the book went t
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Page 65 and 66: and Trier which received the books
Page 67 and 68: the readings from the Acts and Epis
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� The inscription on the fourth s
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much business concerning their prop
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institution produced thousands of d
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scientific, medical, philosophical
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148 The 42-line Gutenberg Bible, pr
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carried out through the asiento con
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178 Bašagić collection of Islamic
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RALP thus illustrates the genesis o
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� Traditional slave hut, Barbados
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� The monument of Bishop Françoi
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It has been located in the same bui
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� An example of an architectural
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� A note to Miranda from the Comm
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trial details and sentence. Medical
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the National Assembly, received roy
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� Fryderyk Chopin 316 The masterp
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� A ship sunk in the canal during
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� Statue of José Martí, Cienfue
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stationary combustion engine, a lig
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390 German records of the National
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that spanned the world. Suffragette
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� A portrait of Hendrik Witbooi a
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� Russian poster used in propagan
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� A selection of illustrations by
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426 Desmet collection
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on its release and it was deposited
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These unique archives attest to the
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� Learie Constantine and his wife
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of the peasantry and labour in the
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expeditions brought experiments wit
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� Captured Jewish civilians being
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the Netherlands. By 6 September the
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conflict and the Cold War started:
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to present the rationale behind the
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plus comparative ‘overlay’ imag
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� Scenes from the uprising in Gwa
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A rise in food prices provided the
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index
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Brazil Dutch West India Company (We
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Iceland The Arnamagnæan manuscript
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Poland Codex Suprasliensis* .......
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The Battle of the Somme............
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Archives, Negros y Esclavos .......
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Collection, the IAS Tamil medical m
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Gazalliyt, Hafez Sherozi’s, and U
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Library, The Malatesta Novello ....
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Papiamentu language, first catechis
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The A.E. Nordenskiöld Collection .
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Contact information The Hittite cun
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Al-Tafhim li Awa’il Sana’at al-
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ms no. 3 -- National Museum of Iran
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Library of the Cistercian Abbey of
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Documentary fonds of Royal Audienci
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The IAS Tamil medical manuscript co
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Emanuel Swedenborg collection .....
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The Bleek collection ..............
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Arnold Schönberg estate ..........
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The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906)
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Audiovisual documents of the intern
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Human Rights Archive of Chile .....
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70 © Bogaziçi University x4; 71
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