Transportation's Role in Reducing U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions ...

Transportation’s Role in Reducing U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Volume 2
• GHG Reduction Effectiveness – Low = < 0.5% of transportation GHG emissions in
2030 (12 mmt CO2e; Moderate = 0.5 to 2.5% (12 to 60 mmt CO2e); High = > 2.5% (60
mmt CO2e).
• Costs (net included cost per tonne) – Cost-effectiveness measured as net included cost
per tonne of CO2e reduced. A positive number represents increased costs, while a
negative number represents a net savings. High Cost = > $200 per tonne CO2e
reduced; Moderate Cost = $20 to $200 CO2e reduced; Low Cost = < $20/tonne CO2e
reduced; Net Savings = < $0/tonne CO2e reduced. 3
“Net included cost” includes both
fuel production and distribution costs and vehicle costs, and is calculated as the cost
increment relative to the cost of conventional fuels and vehicles (gasoline for light-duty
vehicles, diesel for heavy-duty vehicles), net of taxes. See Appendix A for details on
the calculation of costs.
• Cobenefits – Plus (+) = significant positive cobenefits; Minus (-) = significant negative
cobenefits; Plus/minus (+/-) = both significant positive and negative cobenefits; Zero
(0) = modest or negligible cobenefits. Cobenefits may include air pollutant emission
reductions, consumer benefits, or other factors. The cobenefits rating does not include
gasoline savings or related national security benefits, since all strategies analyzed in
this report will reduce gasoline consumption.
Cost-effectiveness includes direct implementation costs as well as costs or savings
associated with fuel use changes incurred by vehicle owners/operators.
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