Transportation's Role in Reducing U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions ...

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Transportations Role in Reducing U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Volume 2 Integrated aerodynamic measures are mutually exclusive with the retrofit package items discussed in the previous section, and are estimated to provide about a 14 percent fuel consumption reduction in the medium to long term (NESCCAF/ICCT, 2009). Strategies that lower engine out NOx more efficiently can reduce fuel consumption as well. For example, improvements in exhaust gas recirculation cooling could reduce fuel consumption by about one percent, although this strategy cannot be effectively coupled with the thermal and air handling management approaches noted above, because exhaust temperatures are lowered, reducing the effectiveness of these approaches (NESCCAF/ICCT, 2009). The minimum and maximum fuel efficiency improvements found in the literature for the different resistance and powertrain technologies are presented in Table 3.3G below by truck class category. These values reflect the benefits only for those vehicles considered likely candidates for these technologies, and do not reflect fleet average impacts. Adjustments for anticipated market penetration are provided in Table 3.3J below. Table 3.3D Range of HDV Fuel Efficiency Improvements for Resistance and Powertrain Technologies Class 4-7 Class 8 Technology Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Basic cab aero 2.3% 2.3% 1.0% 2.0% Enhanced cab aero 3.6% 3.6% 2.3% 2.3% Trailer edge curvatures - - 1.2% 1.2% Advanced integrated aero 14.1% 14.1% Low-rolling resistance tires and aluminum wheels 1.9% 2.3% 3.0% 10.6% Auxiliary electrification - - 2.0% 2.0% Lubricants and bearings - - 1.0% 2.0% Peak cylinder pressure - - 3.6% 3.6% Improved injection/combustion 7.2% 7.2% 5.4% 5.4% Turbocomponding (mechanical) - - 2.4% 2.9% Bottoming cycle - - 8.0% 10.0% Hybridization 30% 50% 3.0% 9.0% Weight reduction 0.6% 1.2% 0.6% 1.8% Boat tails - - 2.8% 4.0% Load profile improvement - - 2.5% 2.5% Front fairings 4.9% 4.9% 1.0% 2.0% Side skirts - - 4.2% 7.5% 3-77
Transportations Role in Reducing U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Volume 2 Combined Per-Vehicle Benefits Benefits associated with selected resistance reduction strategies available for retrofit were presented in the previous section for the near-term scenario. Additional resistance strategies as well as powertrain approaches introduced through the purchase of new vehicles are considered here. A broad package of resistance reduction and powertrain strategies identified in the literature are listed in Table 3.3H for the medium- to long-term scenario. The appropriate truck classes also are specified for each measure. 60 Table 3.3E Powertrain and Resistance Reduction Technology Package for Medium- to Long-Term Analysis 3-78 Engine measure naming conventions follow those from EIA (U.S. DOE, 2009b). An attempt also has been made to remove measures that are mutually exclusive or redundant. In addition, hybrid and other advanced measures are evaluated separately below. Resistance Strategies Powertrain Strategies Technology/Truck Class • Basic aerodynamic improvements – cab/hood (all classes), trailer gap (Class 8) • Enhanced cab—wheel wells, underside baffles, bumper (all classes) • Trailer edge curvatures (Class-8) • Advanced integrated aero (Class-8) a • Low-rolling resistance tires and aluminum wheels (all classes) • Planar boat tails (Class 8) • Front fairings (all classes) • Trailer side skirts (Class 8) • Load profile improvement (Class 8 – flatbeds only) • Weight reduction (all Classes) • Lower friction, improved injectors and combustion (all classes) • Improved lubricants and bearings (all classes) • Increased peak cylinder pressure (Class 8) • Improved injectors and combustion (all classes) • Turbocompounding (Class 8) • Bottoming cycle (Class 8) • Auxiliary electrification (all classes) b a Mutually exclusive with other aero treatments. b Part of base hybrid packages—benefits and costs netted out for hybrid analysis.. For this assessment, individual benefit estimates for each measure were applied successively in multiplicative fashion to calculate the net improvement in fuel 60 For example, trailer treatments would not be applicable to most Class 4-7 (straight) trucks.
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Acknowledgments Transportation's Ro
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Table of Contents Transportation's
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List of Figures Transportation's Ro
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Transportation's Role in Reducing U
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1.0 Introduction Transportation's R
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Induced Travel Demand Transportatio
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3.11 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Transporta
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Table 3.5 Findings by Strategy: Sys
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Strategy Name Travel Activity Commu
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6.0 Conclusion Transportation's Rol
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Printed on paper containing recycle
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Transportation’s Role in Reducing
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1.0 Introduction Transportation’s
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2.0 Low-Carbon Fuels Table of Conte
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List of Tables Transportation’s R
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� 2.1 Summary Overview of Low-Car
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Effects on Infrastructure Funding T
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Tax and tariff policy also can affe
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In 2006, approximately 43,000 mediu
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Market Penetration Transportation
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� 2.5 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LP
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Development of a Hydrogen Infrastru
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� 2.9 Electricity Overview Many o
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Feasibility Transportation’s Role
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� 2.10 References Transportation
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Transportations Role in Reducing U.
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Component Shares in Total Price Tra
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