Transportation's Role in Reducing U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions ...

4.0 System Efficiency
Table of Contents
Transportation’s Role in Reducing U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Volume 2
4.0 System Efficiency ...................................................................................................................... 4-1
List of Tables .................................................................................................................................... 4-3
List of Figures ................................................................................................................................... 4-4
4.1 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 4-5
Summary of Impacts ........................................................................................................................ 4-7
Policy Implications ........................................................................................................................ 4-10
Summary Evaluation ...................................................................................................................... 4-11
Cobenefits and Implications for Other Key Transportation Goals and Objectives ........................... 4-13
Induced Demand ............................................................................................................................ 4-15
4.2 Highway Operations and Management ............................................................................... 4-18
Traffic Management ...................................................................................................................... 4-18
Real-Time Traveler Information..................................................................................................... 4-25
Bottleneck Relief ........................................................................................................................... 4-32
Reduced Speed Limits ................................................................................................................... 4-36
4.3 Truck Operations and Management ..................................................................................... 4-41
Truck Idling Reduction .................................................................................................................. 4-41
Increased Truck Size and Weight Limits ........................................................................................ 4-45
Urban Consolidation Centers ......................................................................................................... 4-49
4.4 Freight Rail and Marine Operations ..................................................................................... 4-53
Rail Modal Diversion ..................................................................................................................... 4-54
Marine Modal Diversion ................................................................................................................ 4-61
Rail and Intermodal Terminal Operations ....................................................................................... 4-64
Ports and Marine Operations .......................................................................................................... 4-68
4.5 Aviation Operations .................................................................................................................. 4-74
Description .................................................................................................................................... 4-74
Magnitude and Timing of Greenhouse Gas Reductions .................................................................. 4-77
Cost-Effectiveness ......................................................................................................................... 4-80
Feasibility ...................................................................................................................................... 4-82
4-1