Transportation's Role in Reducing U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions ...

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Feasibility Transportation’s Role in Reducing U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Volume 2 Managing demand via parking policies has met considerable political resistance in most locations. Parking is typically priced only in the limited places where there is a market for it (CBDs and other major activity centers), and examples of businesses offering cash-out or residential developers unbundling parking costs are relatively rare. Furthermore, the potential role of the Federal government in encouraging parking management has not been investigated. Incentives (for example, in the form of Federal transportation funding) could perhaps be provided as part of a broader set of incentives for local governments to implement “compact development” land use strategies aimed at reducing vehicle-travel and facilitating alternative mode use. It is also conceivable that the Federal government could implement a tax on parking spaces. However, this would be a major change in U.S. tax policy, which typically leaves property taxes to the local government. 5-73
Transportation’s Role in Reducing U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Volume 2 � 5.5 Commute Travel Reduction Efforts to reduce commute trips by single-occupancy vehicle (SOV) have long been a staple of transportation demand management (TDM). Commute-focused trip reduction initiatives have included alternative mode information, transit subsidies, ridesharing/ride matching programs and incentives, vanpools, parking management (including pricing and cash-out), telework, and alternative work schedules. This section first discusses general commute-focused worksite trip reduction programs, which are intended to promote a variety of alternatives; and then discusses the potential for specific individual measures such as ridesharing and telework. Worksite Trip Reduction Programs Definition Worksite trip reduction programs may include either requirements for employers to reduce single-occupancy vehicle (SOV) trips by their employees, or outreach, assistance, and incentive programs to encourage them to do so. Transportation agencies began to implement demand management programs in the 1970s, with the energy crisis, and have continued to do so, to varying degrees, since then. Employer trip reduction requirements exist in Oregon and Washington States and in the Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona metropolitan areas; they were introduced in Southern California in the early 1990s but later rescinded. A few cities and counties also require employers to reduce trips or implement TDM programs. A number of State, regional, and local transportation agencies coordinate voluntary demand management programs, with some of the most active programs in the largest, most congested regions such as Atlanta, Washington, D.C., and Southern California. A moderately aggressive expansion of worksite trip reduction programs could include the widespread provision of voluntary/outreach-based programs by MPOs and/or State DOTs. A more aggressive expansion could include the nationwide imposition of employer-based trip reduction requirements, combined with supportive programs such as regional ridematching and vanpooling programs and assistance in developing worksite- 5-74 Worksite Trip Reduction Programs Benefits: Low-Moderate: 2-14 mmt CO2e in 2030 Direct Costs: Low to Moderate: $30 to $180 per tonne • Public sector costs only Net Included Costs: Net Savings: -$1,000 per tonne Confidence in Estimates: Moderate Key Cobenefits and Impacts: Positive • Most worksite trip reduction programs will result in additional mobility options for commuters Feasibility: Moderate to High • Primary barrier is obtaining widespread employer participation/support Key Policy Options: • Targeted funding • Tax incentives to support commute trip reduction/alternative mode use
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Acknowledgments Transportation's Ro
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Table of Contents Transportation's
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List of Figures Transportation's Ro
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Transportation's Role in Reducing U
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1.0 Introduction Transportation's R
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Induced Travel Demand Transportatio
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3.11 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Transporta
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Table 3.5 Findings by Strategy: Sys
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Strategy Name Travel Activity Commu
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6.0 Conclusion Transportation's Rol
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Printed on paper containing recycle
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Transportation’s Role in Reducing
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1.0 Introduction Transportation’s
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2.0 Low-Carbon Fuels Table of Conte
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List of Tables Transportation’s R
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� 2.1 Summary Overview of Low-Car
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Effects on Infrastructure Funding T
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Tax and tariff policy also can affe
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In 2006, approximately 43,000 mediu
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Market Penetration Transportation
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� 2.5 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LP
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Development of a Hydrogen Infrastru
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� 2.9 Electricity Overview Many o
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Feasibility Transportation’s Role
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� 2.10 References Transportation
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Transportations Role in Reducing U.
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