Muslim Life in Germany - Deutsche Islam Konferenz

320 Summary and conclusion
per cent say that a headscarf makes them feel safe and
15 per cent wear it as protection against harassment by
men.
With regard to numerous indicators relating to social
integration, Muslims who wear a headscarf are in a
worse position than Muslims without a headscarf.
Among other things, they are less likely to have intermediate
or higher school leaving qualifications or
vocational qualifications, they are less likely to be gainfully
employed, less likely to have German nationality
and less likely to have German friends. This also applies
to women from the second generation of immigrants,
even though their standard of school education has
increased compared with their mothers’ generation.
Structural and cognitive integration
Integration deficits are manifested first and foremost
in the areas of education and integration in the labour
market. Muslims reveal a significantly lower standard
of education than the members of other religious communities
across the entire range of countries of origin
covered. This applies both when school education in
the country of origin and Germany are considered
together and to school qualifications acquired in Germany.
This means that among the immigrants from
Muslim countries of origin the members of other religions
and people without any religious affiliation are
generally better educated than Muslims.
The Alevis have a lower standard of education than
the average for Muslims in Germany; Shiites have the