translation studies. retrospective and prospective views

interrupted lines so as to suggest that its place would have been there.
Moreover, I considered it useful to add representative adverbs for each
tense and the result was Table 7 below which has already proved its
usefulness in the case of my adult students of English.
The tenses
PRESENT
PAST
FUTURE
The verbs
V1
Main verb Auxiliaries When?
WILL
V2 V3 V-
ing
SIMPLE 1 1 usually, every day,
twice a week, etc.
CONTINUOUS 0 0 now, right now, at
this moment, etc.
PERFECT SIMPLE
11 just, yet, already,
11
for, since, recently, this
week, etc.
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS 10
will
10 just, yet, already,
for, since, recently, this
week, etc.
SIMPLE 1 1 yesterday, last
week, three weeks ago etc.
CONTINUOUS 0 0 this time
PERFECT SIMPLE
11
yesterday, yesterday at five,
etc.
just, already, for,
11
since, etc.
PERFECT
10 just, already, for,
CONTINUOUS 10
since, etc.
SIMPLE 1 1 1 tomorrow, next
week etc.
CONTINUOUS 0 0 0 this time tomorrow,
tomorrow at five,
etc.
PERFECT SIMPLE
11 11 tomorrow by 5 pm,
11
by the time…, etc.
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS 10
Table 7
10
10 tomorrow by 5 pm,
by the time…, etc.
Although the tables and figures above are likely to facilitate the
teachers’ task in classroom, they will solve the students’ problem only
partially, i.e. they will clarify the formal aspects of the English tenses,
without providing any information about their grammatical use and
semantic features. As a consequence, the teaching of the English tenses will
be considered effective and efficient only if the teaching of the tense
formulae is doubled by the teaching their uses and meanings.
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