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translation studies. retrospective and prospective views

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has the special vocation of watching over the maturing process of the<br />

original language <strong>and</strong> the birth pangs of its own.<br />

What about the annotation of a literary work? Is it charged with a<br />

similar potential of watching over the maturing process of the original?<br />

Does it link more to life (the author’s, the work’s, reality) than fiction<br />

proper?<br />

I think that very much like in the case of certain literary works which<br />

cry out their translatability, the same goes for some such works which cry<br />

out their annotatability. But, it may well be for completely opposite<br />

reasons: The works’ translatability is intrinsic, while the works’<br />

annotatability is extrinsic. The former happens at the level of creation, the<br />

latter, at the level of reception. It also seems that, in the case of annotation,<br />

the cause becomes its justification or raison d’être. To be more explicit, I’ll<br />

just mention some examples of literary works that have annotation thrust<br />

upon them, so to speak: Ulysses (1922) — see Don Gifford’s Ulysses<br />

Annotated, 2008; Finnegans Wake (1939) — see Annotations to Finnegans Wake<br />

by Rol<strong>and</strong> McHugh, 1991; The Confidence Man (1857) — see Herman<br />

Melville’s Confidence Man, edited by Hershel Parker, 1971; Lolita (1955) —<br />

see Carl R. Proffer’s Keys to Lolita, 1968; The Annotated Lolita by Alfred<br />

Appel Jr., 1970; “Emendations to Annotated Editions of Lolita” by Lel<strong>and</strong><br />

de la Durantaye, 2007; Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle (1969) — see<br />

ongoing Annotations to Ada by Brian Boyd, 1993-2008; The Satanic Verses<br />

(1988) — see Paul Brians’ project Annotating The Satanic Verses: An Example<br />

of Internet Research <strong>and</strong> Publication, 2004. To take only the most celebrated.<br />

As dissimilar as these works may appear, they certainly share a<br />

common temptation for annotators. Here are some commonsensical reasons<br />

that come to mind: (1) the paramount feeling of intimidation the reader<br />

(novice or not) has in front of the maze of literary/ historical/ political/<br />

religious/ cultural allusions; (2) the innumerable language games they<br />

display; (3) the recondite material in rich, multi-layered referential<br />

constructions (from elaborate intra-textual reference, through self-reference<br />

<strong>and</strong> textualized extratextual reference to hermeneutic reference); (4) the<br />

infinite intertextual patterns of thought <strong>and</strong> thinking within <strong>and</strong> outside the<br />

text; (5) the paratextual information to keep track of; (6) the baffling<br />

architextuality as part of transtextuality or transcendence (Genette’s<br />

nomenclature) the work reinvents; (7) the inferential dialogue between<br />

life/reality <strong>and</strong> its fictional transposition.<br />

Annotators like critics <strong>and</strong> certainly translators must develop a huge<br />

interest in the literary work they come to annotate. But, of course, the<br />

reasons for which they get so involved with the respective work can vary.<br />

For instance, Alfred Appel Jr. confesses that his Annotated Lolita addresses<br />

the needs of college students first, but also those of the general reader who<br />

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