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Le Giornate del Cinema Muto 2005 Sommario / Contents

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dependence on backlighting. In many interiors, selective light picks out parts<br />

of an impressive set without making it obtrusive. Edge lighting often creates<br />

depth by making the character stand out against a relatively dark<br />

background. Shooting night-time scenes outdoors had been difficult in<br />

Germany. Using the large American “sunlight” arcs, Lubitsch was able to<br />

shoot a number of exteriors at night, using spotlights from the sides and<br />

rear. In some cases flares (motivated as torches) supplement the arc light<br />

– a tactic Griffith had used 5 years earlier in the night battles in the<br />

Babylonian section of Intolerance. Here we see Lubitsch moving toward the<br />

mastery of lighting that he would gain in Hollywood.<br />

The film’s most familiar image, from a scene of the hero entering a zigguratstyle<br />

tomb, displays Lubitsch’s considerable understanding of how to apply<br />

the new equipment to which he had access. A single sunlight arc placed at<br />

a steep angle above the set picks out the vertical “steps” in the ceiling and<br />

illuminates the hero, his arm casting a single, unobtrusive, and crisp shadow.<br />

A second sunlight arc at the top of the steps outlines him in light and<br />

creates another sharp-edged shadow of his figure almost unnoticeably on<br />

the floor, where the bed nearly hides it.<br />

If working in EFA’s large, American-style studio altered Lubitsch’s lighting<br />

style noticeably, the sets for Das Weib des Pharao were largely in the old<br />

German epic style that had helped make Madame Dubarry so popular.<br />

Ernst Stern, who had designed the sets for Die Bergkatze, Lubitsch’s<br />

previous film, collaborated with Richter on Das Weib. As an amateur<br />

Egyptologist, he was in a position to render the sets, statues, and even some<br />

of the hieroglyphic texts with a semblance of authenticity. Moreover,<br />

Paramount’s backing meant that the film’s budget ran to $75,000, almost<br />

twice what American experts had estimated Madame Dubarry had cost.<br />

Stern recalled that all of the sets were built full-sized, with no use of<br />

miniatures: “There was no difficulty about finance, as we were working for<br />

American backers. It was still the inflation period, and even a single dollar<br />

was quite a lot of money, so we had no time-robbing financial calculations<br />

to make, and we went to work cheerfully with a ‘Damn the expense’ attitude”<br />

(My Life, My Work, London, 1951, pp. 182-183). For earlier films,<br />

Lubitsch’s large sets had been built on the backlot at Union’s Tempelhof<br />

studio, but the sets for Das Weib were constructed on a leased stretch of<br />

land in a Berlin suburb.The site was surrounded by modern buildings, and<br />

the sets had to be tall enough to block them from the camera’s view. Stern’s<br />

sets prefigure those in Cecil B. De Mille’s The Ten Commandments, made<br />

for Paramount about a year later. Although the exterior sets were<br />

reminiscent of those in Lubitsch’s earlier epics, the use of selective lighting<br />

gave them a look that was new to German cinema.<br />

Despite these innovations, the acting style in the film carries on the tradition<br />

current throughout the German cinema of the 1910s, when actors from the<br />

stage had brought a fairly broad pantomimic acting to the screen. Perhaps<br />

partly because of its much larger budget and enormous sets, Das Weib<br />

draws extensively on an exaggerated acting style that bears little<br />

resemblance to the subtle performances that Lubitsch would soon draw<br />

from his actors in such films as The Marriage Circle. Having Paul<br />

Wegener and Emil Jannings star in the same film no doubt contributed<br />

considerably to the effect. – KRISTIN THOMPSON<br />

31<br />

OMAGGIO A / A TRIBUTE TO DAVIDE TURCONI<br />

Davide Turconi e la collezione Joye<br />

L’abate gesuita svizzero Josef Joye (1852-1919) è stato un pioniere<br />

nel campo <strong>del</strong>l’applicazione didattica degli audiovisivi. Nell’istituto<br />

di Basilea in cui insegnava, il Borromäum, fece uso di tutti i mezzi a<br />

disposizione per vivacizzare i suoi corsi e le sue lezioni. Approntò<br />

circa 16.000 vetri per le sue conferenze con la lanterna magica,<br />

introdusse il fonografo e, verso il 1900 scoprì il cinema.<br />

Chiaramente, Joye amava i film e li collezionava avidamente,<br />

comprandoli o facendoseli dare in gran quantità quando il loro<br />

valore commerciale veniva meno. Tutto diventava farina per il suo<br />

mulino pedagogico. A parte soggetti come la vita di nostro Signore<br />

o l’infanzia di Mosè, egli sembrava capace di intravedere lezioni<br />

morali nei travelogues, nei film di guerra e nelle comiche di André<br />

Deed e Polidor – anche se a volte era costretto a censurare le<br />

scene più osé. Dopo la partenza di Joye, nel 1911, il Borromäum ne<br />

conservò fe<strong>del</strong>mente la collezione, arrivando a catalogarla nel 1940,<br />

quando molte copie erano già considerate in uno stato di degrado<br />

ormai terminale.<br />

Davide Turconi è stato il primo storico a scoprire, negli anni ’60,<br />

questo fenomenale tesoro, restando inorridito per le condizioni in<br />

cui si trovava. Come avrebbe poi ricordato (in conversazioni con<br />

Paolo Cherchi Usai), certe copie erano così impregnate di<br />

emulsione in dissoluzione che egli fu costretto ad appenderle ad<br />

asciugare sullo stendibiancheria prima di poterle esaminare.<br />

Cercando disperatamente di salvare la collezione, alla fine riuscì a<br />

far trasferire alcuni film – soprattutto classici italiani – in Vaticano e<br />

da lì all’Associazione Italiana degli Storici <strong>del</strong> <strong>Cinema</strong>. Dato che<br />

quest’ultima non aveva la possibilità di conservare le pellicole in un<br />

deposito adeguato, esse vennero affidate prima alla Cineteca<br />

Nazionale di Milano e poi all’archivio <strong>del</strong> Centro Sperimentale di<br />

Roma.<br />

Temendo che i film non inclusi in questo pacchetto rischiassero di<br />

deteriorarsi irreparabilmente e cercando disperatamente una<br />

soluzione per far sì che essi non sparissero senza lasciare traccia di<br />

sé – un destino questo che sembrava molto probabile e imminente<br />

–, Turconi adottò un rimedio estremo ma sistematico. Tagliò, film<br />

per film, un paio di fotogrammi per ogni inquadratura, ordinandoli<br />

accuratamente ed etichettandoli ad uno ad uno. Era un compito<br />

immane: alla fine arrivò a oltre 20.000 fotogrammi, oggi conservati<br />

in diverse collezioni, perlopiù alla Cineteca <strong>del</strong> Friuli ed alla George<br />

Eastman House.<br />

Dopo il nobile sforzo di Turconi, la collezione Joye fu lasciata<br />

deperire indisturbata fino al 1972, anno in cui il giovane cineasta<br />

inglese David Mingay, che stava preparando una pionieristica serie<br />

televisiva sui primordi <strong>del</strong> cinema, la riscoprì riportando sullo<br />

schermo alcune <strong>del</strong>le sue gemme. Mingay allertò il National Film<br />

and Television Archive di Londra sull’importanza e la fragilità <strong>del</strong><br />

tesoro di Joye ed organizzò un incontro tra il custode <strong>del</strong>le<br />

EVENTI SPECIALI<br />

SPECIAL PRESENTATIONS

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