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Le Giornate del Cinema Muto 2005 Sommario / Contents

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after this continued to be difficult, but he nevertheless remained the driving<br />

force of Japanese animation, working in the vanguard up until the postwar<br />

era. Masaoka is regarded as “the father of Japanese animation”, and is also<br />

valued for training talented filmmakers such as Masao Kumakawa and<br />

Mitsuyo Seo. – FUMIKO TSUNEISHI<br />

ORIZURU OSEN [OSEN DELLE CICOGNE DI CARTA / OSEN<br />

OF THE PAPER CRANES / THE DOWNFALL OF OSEN] (Daiichi-<br />

Eiga, JP 1935)<br />

Re./dir: Kenji Mizoguchi; sogg./story: dal romanzo/from the novel<br />

Baishoku Kamonanban di/by Kyoka Izumi; adatt./adapt: Tatsunosuke<br />

Takashima; f./ph: Minoru Miki; cast: Daijiro Natsukawa, Isuzu Yamada,<br />

Eiji Nakano, Ichiro Serizawa, Shin Shibata,Tadashi Shimai, Genichi Fujii,<br />

Junichi Kitamura, Shizuko Kitamura; ppp/rel: 20.1.1935; 35mm, 8173 ft.,<br />

90’ (24 fps), National Film Center,Tokyo.<br />

Versione sonora / Sound version. Didascalie in giapponese sottotitolate<br />

in inglese / Japanese intertitles, English subtitles.<br />

Un giorno di pioggia, su una banchina <strong>del</strong>la stazione, il medico Sokichi<br />

incontra una donna che egli ben ricorda per un episodio <strong>del</strong> passato.<br />

La donna, di nome Osen, che soffre ora di disturbi mentali, era stata<br />

un tempo l’amante <strong>del</strong> malvagio Kumazawa, che ne aveva fatto la sua<br />

complice. Quando il giovane Sokichi aveva tentato il suicidio, era<br />

stato salvato per caso proprio da Osen e i due erano fuggiti per<br />

andare a vivere insieme. Per pagare la retta a Sokichi, Osen aveva<br />

iniziato a prostituirsi ed era stata in seguito arrestata dalla polizia.<br />

La Daiichi-Eiga era stata fondata nel 1934 da Masaichi Nagata (1906-<br />

1985), in collaborazione con lo scrittore e sceneggiatore Matsutaro<br />

Kawaguchi, i registi Daisuke Ito, Kenji Mizoguchi e Minoru Inuzuka e<br />

le attrici Isuzu Yamada e Komako Hara. I loro film venivano distribuiti<br />

da una nuova società creata dalla Shochiku. La Daiichi-Eiga era una<br />

casa altamente motivata, con registi ed attrici di prima qualità: fra i<br />

capolavori da essa prodotti, ricordiamo i due Mizoguchi <strong>del</strong> 1936,<br />

Naniwa ereji (Elegia di Naniwa) e Gion no kyodai (<strong>Le</strong> sorelle di Gion).<br />

Purtroppo, a causa <strong>del</strong>le gravi calamità subite – un incendio e<br />

un’inondazione – finì per sciogliersi nel giro di due anni.<br />

Dopo Nihonbashi (cioè “Ponte Nihon”, un quartiere di Tokyo) <strong>del</strong><br />

1929 e Taki no Shiraito (Il filo bianco <strong>del</strong>la cascata) <strong>del</strong> 1933, Mizoguchi<br />

scelse di portare sullo schermo un altro dei tragici romanzi di Kyoka<br />

Izumi, Baishoku kamonanban, la cui protagonista dedica tutta se stessa<br />

ad un amante più giovane finendo con l’impazzire. Benché strutturato<br />

nelle forme tipiche <strong>del</strong> cinema muto, didascalie comprese, il film uscì<br />

in una “versione esplicativa”, con le spiegazioni <strong>del</strong> benshi Suisei<br />

Matsui e musiche accompagnatorie: era questa una <strong>del</strong>le varie<br />

modalità di presentazione dei film nell’era di transizione tra il muto<br />

ed il sonoro ed è per noi preziosa in quanto ci permette di<br />

apprezzare l’esibizione <strong>del</strong> benshi.– FUMIKO TSUNEISHI<br />

One rainy day on a railway platform Sokichi, a medical doctor, finds a<br />

woman he knows well from a certain episode in the past. The woman,<br />

50<br />

named Osen, is now mentally ill. She used to be a lover of the villain<br />

Kumazawa, who made her help in crimes. When the young Sokichi<br />

attempted suicide, by coincidence he was saved by Osen, and he and Osen<br />

escaped from Kumazawa to live together. In order to raise money to pay<br />

for Sokichi’s tuition, Osen began to prostitute herself, and eventually she<br />

was arrested by the police.<br />

Daiichi-Eiga was founded in 1934 by Masaichi Nagata (1906-1985), in<br />

cooperation with author/scriptwriter Matsutaro Kawaguchi, directors<br />

Daisuke Ito, Kenji Mizoguchi, and Minoru Inuzuka, and actresses Isuzu<br />

Yamada and Komako Hara. Their films were distributed by a new<br />

company created by Shochiku. Daiichi-Eiga was a highly motivated<br />

production company with first-rate directors and actresses, and it<br />

produced masterpieces such as Mizoguchi’s Naniwa ereji (Osaka Elegy)<br />

and Gion no kyodai (Sisters of the Gion; 1936). Unfortunately, however,<br />

the company was plagued by disasters such as fire and flood, and after<br />

only two years it ended up being dissolved. Following Nihonbashi<br />

(literally “Japan Bridge”, a famous bridge in Tokyo and its surrounding<br />

neighborhood; 1929) and Taki no Shiraito (Taki the Water Magician /<br />

White Threads of the Waterfall; 1933), Mizoguchi once again chose to<br />

film one of Kyoka Izumi’s tragic novels, in which a heroine dedicates<br />

herself so much to a younger lover that she eventually pushes herself<br />

beyond sanity into madness. Although structured in the manner of silent<br />

cinema, with intertitles, the film was released in an “explanatory version”,<br />

with benshi Suisei Matsui’s explanation and music. This was one of<br />

various film formats in the transitional era between silents and talkies,<br />

and it is valuable in enabling us to experience what a benshi’s<br />

performance was like. – FUMIKO TSUNEISHI

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