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Le Giornate del Cinema Muto 2005 Sommario / Contents

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<strong>del</strong>l’atmosfera <strong>del</strong> romanzo originale”.<br />

Quando, nel 1923, il grande terremoto di Kanto distrusse Tokyo e<br />

dintorni, sia la Nikkatsu che la Shochiku trasferirono i loro studi a<br />

Kyoto. A differenza <strong>del</strong>la Nikkatsu, che rimase a Kyoto, la Shochiku<br />

ritornò dopo breve tempo a Kamata, presso Tokyo – di fatto fu l’unico<br />

studio presente nella capitale durante il periodo muto. <strong>Le</strong> realizzazioni<br />

<strong>del</strong>la Shochiku di Kamata sono note per il loro tipico stile, il<br />

cosiddetto “modernismo di Kamata”, elaborato assorbendo la<br />

sofisticata atmosfera urbana di Tokyo nel periodo successivo al grande<br />

terremoto, quando la città andava rapidamente riprendendosi. Shimizu<br />

fu uno degli esponenti di punta di questo modernismo. Il film segnò<br />

anche il debutto <strong>del</strong>l’attrice Michiko Oikawa, che doveva diventare un<br />

nome importante e che si rivelò indispensabile nei film<br />

d’ambientazione urbana di Shimizu, quali Renai daiikka (Prima lezione<br />

<strong>del</strong>l’amore; 1929) e Minato no Nippon musume (Ragazze giapponesi al<br />

porto; 1933). – FUMIKO TSUNEISHI<br />

Toshie has a crush on Narita, but he marries her younger sister Reiko.<br />

Heartbroken,Toshie finds herself gradually being attracted to her boss,<br />

who is a widower. Reiko and Narita’s marriage does not go well, mainly<br />

because of Reiko, who is wonderfully cheerful but tends to have affairs.<br />

Eventually Narita decides to leave and go abroad. Among the group of<br />

people seeing him off he finds Toshie.<br />

This film adaptation of Kan Kikuchi’s serialized newspaper novel had<br />

extremely high built-in box-office potential at the time. Director Shimizu<br />

lived up to the Shochiku company’s expectations by making a film that<br />

was a huge success. Shimizu took the risk of employing many new<br />

actors, and despite a plot that was full of ups and downs he made a film<br />

that he described as “artistically integral as a film while respecting the<br />

atmosphere of the original novel”.<br />

When the Great Kanto Earthquake destroyed Tokyo and the surrounding<br />

area in 1923, both Nikkatsu and Shochiku evacuated their studios to<br />

Kyoto. Unlike Nikkatsu, which stayed in Kyoto, Shochiku returned to<br />

Kamata,Tokyo, after a short period of time, thus becoming effectively the<br />

only studio in Tokyo throughout the silent era. Shochiku Kamata<br />

productions are known for their so-called “Kamata Modernism” style,<br />

which was developed by absorbing the sophisticated and urban<br />

atmosphere of Tokyo in the era after the Great Kanto Earthquake, while<br />

the city was quickly recovering from the damage. Shimizu was one of the<br />

key directors of “Kamata Modernism”.This film marked the debut of the<br />

actress Michiko Oikawa, later an important talent, who was<br />

indispensable in Shimizu’s urban films such as Renai daiikka (Love, Part<br />

One; 1929) and Minato no Nippon musume (Japanese Girls at the<br />

Harbour; 1933). – FUMIKO TSUNEISHI<br />

Prog. 9<br />

TEITO FUKKO [RINASCITA DELLA CAPITALE / REBIRTH OF<br />

THE IMPERIAL CAPITAL] (Shochiku, JP 1930)<br />

46<br />

Re./dir, f./ph: Hamataro Oda, Asajiro Itoi; scen: Katsutake Naruse;<br />

ppp/rel: 3.1930; 35mm, 7247 ft., 107’ (18 fps), National Film Center,<br />

Tokyo.<br />

Didascalie in giapponese sottotitolate in inglese / Japanese intertitles,<br />

English subtitles.<br />

Sette anni dopo il grande terremoto di Kanto, l’Agenzia per la<br />

Ripresa <strong>del</strong>la Capitale, che sarebbe stata chiusa lo stesso anno,<br />

commissionò alla Shochiku un lungometraggio che descrivesse gli<br />

aspetti sociali e le fasi <strong>del</strong>la ripresa di Tokyo, la moderna capitale che,<br />

grazie ai progetti <strong>del</strong>l’Agenzia, stava rapidamente tornando alla<br />

normalità dopo il sisma. Il film consiste di 6 parti, ovvero: danni,<br />

progetti, procedure, risultati, ispezione imperiale, cerimonia finale.<br />

Catturando sulla pellicola il caos successivo al sisma, la parte sui<br />

“danni” include anche alcune sequenze ricostruite con l’ausilio di<br />

effetti speciali e disegni. La parte sui “risultati” propone come<br />

personaggio principale un impiegato, di cui documenta la vita in città,<br />

nei giorni feriali e festivi, come fosse un vero film. Il montaggio<br />

ritmico intreccia la parte sui più moderni mezzi di trasporto pubblico<br />

con le riprese di strade ordinatamente progettate e quelle<br />

<strong>del</strong>l’elegante vita urbana: è evidente l’influenza <strong>del</strong> genere “sinfonia<br />

metropolitana” come Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt (1927), che era<br />

stato distribuito in Giappone. Nelle due ultime parti <strong>del</strong> film, il<br />

materiale sull’imperatore Hirohito rivela le enormi limitazioni<br />

imposte ai cineasti per filmarlo: dal numero <strong>del</strong>le cineprese, alla<br />

distanza <strong>del</strong>le stesse, alle angolazioni. – FUMIKO TSUNEISHI<br />

Seven years after the Great Kanto Earthquake the Bureau of Capital<br />

Recovery, which was to be abolished that year, commissioned a featurelength<br />

film from Shochiku to describe the social aspects and phases of<br />

recovery of Tokyo, the modern capital, which had quickly recovered from<br />

the earthquake damage via the Bureau’s projects.The film consists of 6<br />

parts, namely: the damage, plans, procedures, accomplishment, the<br />

Imperial inspection, and the accomplishment ceremony. Capturing the<br />

post-quake chaos, the “damage” part also includes some re-enactment<br />

sequences, with the help of special effects and drawings. The<br />

“accomplishment” part features an office worker as its leading character,<br />

and documents his urban life on weekdays and weekends in the manner<br />

of a fiction film. The footage of the most advanced means of public<br />

transportation, orderly designed streets, and stylish urban living are<br />

interwoven via rhythmic montage, clearly displaying the influence of “city<br />

symphony” films such as Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt (1927),<br />

which had been wi<strong>del</strong>y released in Japan. Some of the footage of the<br />

Emperor Hirohito in the last two parts of the film show us how the<br />

cinematographers had to accept enormous restrictions to film the<br />

Emperor, involving the number of cameras, distance, and camera angles.<br />

Prog. 10<br />

FUMIKO TSUNEISHI<br />

CHIKYODAI [SORELLE DI LATTE / FOSTER SISTERS] (Shochiku,

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