Miljø- og samfundsøkonomisk vurdering af ... - Miljøstyrelsen

Scenarios having increased recycling can in relation to socio-economic costs be divided into 2
groups. The socio-economically most advantageous group include Scenario 7 (the cheapest of all
scenarios including also the baseline scenario) as well as scenarios 2A, 2F, 5 and 6. Scenarios, 2z,
3A, 3F, 3Z, and 4 are - together with scenario 1(baseline scenario) - all more expensive.
The high cost of scenarios 3A, 3F and 4 are due to the application of 4-compartment bins in single
family households for collection of many source-separated materials. By reducing the collection
frequency further or by changing the 4-compartment bin to two 2-compartment bins , the costs may
be reduced significantly to a level, which can be compared with the scenarios in the cheapest group
and lower than the baseline scenario. For scenario 2Z and 3Z, the relatively high costs are
associated to the optical bag sorting facility. This system opens for reduced collection cost from
single family households but not from multi-storey households, and the cost of the mixed
catchment area will thus overall be higher. 22
Scenarios 2A, 2F, 5, 6 and 7 have all lower costs than the other scenarios analyzed as the collection
costs for single family households are optimized with 26 + 13 emptyings per year and with cheaper
bins than the 4-compartment container. Furthermore, large-scale operation advantages are
expected for the central sorting facility in scenarios 5, 6 and 7 with a capacity of waste
corresponding to 1 million households (same as four catchment areas of each 250,000 households).
Sensitivity analyzes show that the scenarios with centralised sorting still have economic costs at a
lower level than the most expensive scenarios (incl. the baseline scenario) in case the sorting plant
capacity was adapted to cover one catchment area only of 250,000 households.
In scenarios 1, 4 and 7, organic household waste is not source separated for subsequent treatment in
an AD facility. Instead the organic fraction is incinerated. The waste handling systems in scenarios
4 and 7 are - except from source separation of organic waste - directly comparable with scenarios
3A-3F and scenarios 6A-6F. When comparing these scenarios the total economic scenario costs
appear to be approx. 55-90 kr. /collected tonnes lower for incineration than for source separation
and anaerobic digestion of the organic waste fraction.
The fiscal effect of the scenarios having increased recycling are limited to an annual loss of 0 - 10
million DKK. for one catchment area (250,000 households) compared to the baseline scenario. This
is primarily due to the fact that taxation of waste incineration is related to both combustion of the
waste and to energy production, and it is thus possible to achieve a high degree of fiscal equality
with other means of electricity and heat production (e.g. power plants).. Recycling instead of energy
utilization of household waste results in lower tax revenues from waste incineration plants, which to
some extent are offset by tax revenue from the increase in other heat and power production
installations (depending on assumptions concerning efficiency of the energy plants substituting
energy production from incineration of household waste). Energy production from anaerobic
digestion is not subject to taxation but receives financial support through PSO payments which are
not counted as state fiscal effect. The magnitude of this is 4-5 million kr. for one catchment area
(250,000 households).
the pulp with this pre-treatment). If manure-based AD facilities instead receive the pulp at for example kr. 0, the
F scenarios should add about 20-25 kr. /ton collected household waste in total.
22
The economic assessment generally do not include other benefits, such as increased convenience,
additional opportunities for improved collection efficiency, separation of several waste fractions or cheaper
collection from multi-storey households.
28 Miljø- og samfundsøkonomisk vurdering af muligheder for øget genanvendelse af papir, pap, plast, metal og organisk affald fra
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