Miljø- og samfundsøkonomisk vurdering af ... - Miljøstyrelsen

Socio-economics
It is possible to increase recycling rates significantly without increasing the private costs or socioeconomic
costs. This however requires a coordinated approach for handling all fractions of
household waste where focus is put on synergies having an integrated collection and
tretment/sorting solution and at the same time optimizing the collection schemes. The conclusion
will be strenghtened by expected economies of scale benefits, which are achieved in scenarios 5A-F.
These scenarios also result in higher recycling rates than scenarios 2A-F having no central sorting.
Scenarios having recycling of source separated organic household waste can result in higher socioeconomic
costs of approx. 55-90 kr./ton of collected household waste . This is conditioned that the
capacity of the incineration plant scan be fully utilised. However, most of the scenarios having
source separation of organic waste do not result in increased socio-economic costs compared to the
baseline scenario.
Central sorting of source segregated materials in large-scale facilities results in the largest socioeconomic
savings compared to the baseline scenario.This is due to collection costs can be kept at a
low level as well as the fact that the high market prices of fine sorted materials can pay for the extra
cost of central sorting.
Optical bag sorting can be socio-economically favourable for single family households as this
enables savings in collection costs even with ambitious recycling targets. However, for multi-storey
hosueholds the bag sorting system does not result in savings in collection costs.
Source separation and segregation in separate bins is socio- economically overall equal for typical
multi-storey households (where space allows for source separation/segregation in kitchens and
backyards), as the additional cost of separate collection is very small for multi-storey households.
For single family households, source segregation of dry materials is significantly cheaper than
source separation which requiresmore bins and more expensive bins and/or more emptyings or
more expensive costs per emptying.
Private costs
Increased recycling of dry materials results in decreased tax proceeeds from "waste generated heat
tax" which, however, is offset by higher tax proceeeds from the CHP plants that substitutes the
missing heat from the waste incineration plants. The total fiscale effect loss is estimated to approx.
10 million. kr. /year for thecatchment area.It however depends on the actual waste incinerators and
power plants in operation.
AD plants are exempted from tax on waste generated heat and thus the source separation and
anaerobic digestion of organic household waste will result in a proceedsprovenue-loss estimated to
approx. 4 million kr. /year for the catchment area. The tax exemption results in almost same private
costs for anaerobic digestion and waste incineration (assuming full competition on the reception
and digestion of organic household waste). The subsidies for AD plants are financed through the
PSO schemes. The grant provided for scenarios having source separation of organic waste is
calculated to approx. 4.5 million kr. /year for a catchment area.
Highly efficient systems for recycling of materials from household waste can be implemented
without additional costs compared to the typical current situation in many municipalities. Scenarios
5, 6 and 7 with central sorting are the cheapest solutions and almost economically equal no matter
the organic fraction is anaerobic digested or incinerated.
The findings of this report will form part in the preparation of the Danish national waste
management planning. At the same time the report will act as an "inspirational catalogue" when
preparing the municipal waste management plans. It is important to note that the performed
scenario assessments - involving the described pre-conditions and the conclusions drawn - cover
only the parameters Recycling rates achieved, Environmental impacts, Socio- economics/Private
costs. The results of the analysis can to some extent be transferred to existing local conditions.
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