Miljø- og samfundsøkonomisk vurdering af ... - Miljøstyrelsen

The conclusion which can be drawn is, that it is posssible to achieve a significantly higher recycling
of various waste fractions from household waste compared to the current sitution in many Danish
Municipalities without increasing the costs (e.g. scenarios 5, 6 and 7 compared to the baseline
scenario). Source separation of organic household waste with subsequent anaerobic digestion and
use for agricultural purposes can be compared to incineration of the same waste fraction by
comparing scenarios 6 and 7. Scenarios having anaerobic digestion are with respect to private costs
overall comparable to incineration as the difference of 9-23 kr. /household - mixed catchment with
bboth type of households (equivalent to 1-2%) is well within the uncertainty of data.
Economic evaluation based on selected themes
Collection
Collection costs including bin purchase and collection constitute by far the largest share of the total
scenario costs. Collection of many source separated materials (e.g. in 4-compartment bins) is with
the assumptions applied somewhat more expensive than collection of source segregated materials
with subsequent central sorting. This is mainly due to the market value of the recyclable materials,
which is significantly higher for fine sorted materials from a central sorting facility than for source
separated single fractions which are not separated into single polymer types and specific metals.
Other assumptions concerning e.g. choice of bin (e.g. two 2-compartment bin instead of one 4-
compartment bin and lower collection frequency) can significantly reduce the collection costs.
Sensitivity analyzes show however that these cost reductions, , are not quite sufficient to make
scenarios with source separation as attractive as scenarios with source segregation and subsequent
central sorting. However, source separation of many materials at single family households might be
an acceptable solution provided that specific conditions in a given waste catchment area can justify
this (including alternative and optimized choice of bins and collection frequency), or if no central
sorting facility is available for treatment of the source segragated materials.
Treatment
The economic costs of anaerobic digestion depend on both the cost of the AD plant and of the
alternative treatment which in this case is a waste incineration plant. The calculated costs of waste
incineration depend on a large number of technical factors (e.g. water content of the waste, flue gas
emission and energy utilisation) and are expected to vary from plant to plant.
A key assumption in the socio-economic calculations is that the capacity of the waste sorting plants
in scenarios 5, 6 and 7 correspond to the waste generated from 1 million households (this
corresponds to 4 catchment areas).For the scenarios with the Aikan biogastechnology, the amount
of organic waste corresponds to waste from ½ million households (being 2 catchment areas). If the
treatment capacity for these plants in stead is designed for a mixed catchment area with 250,000
households , this will result in increased total scenario cost of approx. 43 DKK. /ton of waste
collected for scenarios with central sorting of both source segregated materials and dry residual
waste, This increase will be approx. 33 DKK. /ton of waste collected in case central sorting of the
source segregated materials alone was carried out. In addition, all scenarios with Aikan plants have
additional costs of approx. 25 DKK. /ton of waste collected in case of having the reduced treatment
capacity (250,000 households only).
30 Miljø- og samfundsøkonomisk vurdering af muligheder for øget genanvendelse af papir, pap, plast, metal og organisk affald fra
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