Assessing Student's Needs for Assistive Technology (ASNAT)

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Chapter 8 – Assistive Technology for Vision and Hearing A CONTINUUM OF CONSIDERATIONS FOR ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY for Vision Eyeglasses Magnifier Large print books CCTV (closed circuit television) Screen magnification software Screen color contrast Screen reader, Text reader Braille materials Braille translation software Enlarged or Braille/tactile labels for keyboard Alternate keyboard with enlarged keys Braille keyboard and note taker Assessing Students’ Needs for Assistive Technology (2004) 192
Chapter 8 – Assistive Technology for Vision and Hearing Assistive Technology for Students with Vision Impairments Two of the major problems for students with vision impairments are accessing print materials and moving about safely in their environments (orientation and mobility). This chapter will address accessing print materials. There are three primary ways to utilize assistive technology to make print materials more accessible to students with vision impairments. They are magnification, speech output and Braille. Magnification Magnification is used to enlarge an image to a sufficient size to allow the student to receive and process the information. The amount of vision loss determines the degree of magnification needed. Some students may be able to read print using a larger monitor, which provides larger text or graphics while keeping all material on the screen. Many properties of onscreen images can be changed for students with less vision loss using built-in features of a computer's operating system. In Windows 95, 98, 2000, and XP, the Mouse Properties icon in the Control Panel allows the user to enlarge the size and shape of the mouse pointer, change its color, slow it down, and locate the pointer using a “sonar” function. When the control key is pressed, a shrinking circle appears around the pointer. It is also possible to activate a comet-like trail for the mouse pointer and slow down the speed of its movements over icons, buttons, and other controls. In the Accessibility Options found in the Control Panel, there is a High Contrast option that provides preset colors and fonts for easy reading and inverts the video to white letters on a black background or various other combinations. There is also a ToggleKeys option, which enables users to hear tones when the Caps Lock, Num Lock, or Scroll Lock keys are pressed. Comparable features are built-in to the Macintosh operating system as well. If magnification is needed, there are three types of magnification: relative-size, relative-distance and angular. ♦ Relative-size magnification-involves making the material larger while maintaining the same working distance. Examples include using a large print book, a larger monitor, enlargement software (e.g. ZoomText ® 8.0, MAGic, InLARGE), or hardware. Many of the software and hardware options will allow magnification levels up to 16 times the original size or more and also have the ability to adjust the colors for contrast, or to switch the image to a “negative” image (e.g. yellow print on a black background). Some of the new large screen monitors can magnify print up to 65 times. A limitation of screen magnification programs in general is that as the on screen material is magnified, less of it fits on the screen. ♦ Relative-distance magnification-involves maintaining the original size of the material but moving it closer to the student. A hand held magnifying glass and paper held close to the face, or a monitor mounted on a swing arm are examples of relative-distance magnification. ♦ Angular magnification-involves using a lens to enlarge the material. The level of magnification will depend upon the power of the lens or lens system. Simple enlargement of print materials may be achieved by using a copier. If that is not sufficient, the material may need to be enlarged using more high tech options. When the student is learning to keyboard, large labels on the computer keys can help. ZoomCaps is a set of large key labels available from Don Johnston Incorporated. Assessing Students’ Needs for Assistive Technology (2004) 193
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Table of Contents Chapter One Assis
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Table of Contents Chapter 8 Assisti
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Chapter 1 - Assistive Technology As
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Notes: Chapter 1 - Assistive Techno
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Chapter 2 - Computer Access A CONTI
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Chapter 2 - Computer Access • Wor
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Chapter 2 - Computer Access • Mou
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Chapter 2 - Computer Access ♦ The
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Chapter 2 - Computer Access Freewar
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Chapter 2 - Computer Access Notes:
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Chapter 10 - Funding Assistive Tech
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Assistive Technology Vendor Table C
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Assistive Technology Vendor Table M
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Assistive Technology Vendor Table N
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Assistive Technology Vendor Table C
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Assistive Technology Vendor Table V
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Appendix Additional Vendors: Assess
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WATI Product Catalog WATI PRODUCT C
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WATI Product Catalog Assistive Tech
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WATI Product Catalog School Profile
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WATI Product Catalog Wisconsin Assi
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Assistive Technology Assessment For
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Assessing Student's Needs for Assistive Technology (ASNAT)

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