n - University of Newcastle

I have no cloubt that this is the same Dravidian termination
-illi which me shall find in ta-killi-k o ancl in many other Awabakal
morcls, but here aclded on to the same root which we find in
the Sanskrit cli(p), 'to shine.'
The Ebudan of Eaki has sembi to mean 'fire'; now se~nbu
in Draviclian means '~-ecl.' In Australia, a very general word for
'fire' is n~i, will ; in the north-west of Tasmania it is win-alia ;
these I take to be from the same root as our mil, ' the eye,' and
the Dra~iclian m in. In Tasmania also, tint y a means ' recl';
to which cognates are the Sanskrit clamh, clah, ' to burn,' dams,
clam$, ' to bite,' ' to see'; in Tamil tincl-u, is ' to kindle,' tittu,
' to whet'; cJ: Anglo-Saxon tendan, 'to kinclle,' English tinder.
Besides mata, the Maoris have another word for 'eye,' kano hi,
which much resembles the Dra~idian kan, ' the rye,' k&n, ' to
see '; and the root of kan may be the same syllable as in Sanskrit
ak-shi, 'eye,' the ak being by metathesis changed into ka. At
all events, the root kan is abundantly preralent in the sporaclic
languages ; for the Maori itself has kana, 'to stare milcUy,' that
is, 'to look keenly '; ka, 'to burn '; ka-ka, 'red-hot '; kana-pa,
' bright,' ' shining '; kana-kn, ' fire '; ancl cognate Polynesian
clialects have kano-i-mata, 'the pupil (i.e., ' the sheen ') of the
eye '; 'a 'ano, certain ' red berries,' ' the flesh of animals,' from its
recluess ; ka-napa-napa, ' to glitter '; ka-napa, 'lightning.' The
simple root Ira gives la, ra, 'the sun,' and all the Polynesian
words connected with these forms.
Nor is this 'oot-word ka, kan confined to Polynesian dialects ;
in Ebuclan, ' fire ' is in-cap, liapi, kapu, gapu, av, ay i ; and
the Papuan clialects have for 'fire,' kova, kai-ma ; for burn,'
ogabu, igabi. And kai-o in Greek is ' I burn.'
It is interesting to know, also, that in the st&tes vliich form
the Himalayan boundary of India the morcls for 'eye' are mi,
mik, mighi, malr, mo, mak, mo; and, farther east, in Cochin-
China and Tonkin, mot, mok, mu. It thus appears that, on the
whole our comrnonword mil, 'the eye,' is more akin to the non-
Ai-yan races of India-the representative~ of its earlier - pol~ulation. -
In closing this section of my subject, I presume I need scarcely
say that the evidence before us drawn from the words for 'rrater,'
'blincl,' and 'eye,' fully justifies the opinion that the Australian
la~lguages are not isolated, but that, in their essential root-words,
they have a close relation to the languages of the Southein Seas
and to similar root-words in the languages of the great peninsula of
India. I cannot conceive it to be possible that our blackfellows
should have, by chance, inventecl words mluch, when analysed,
show the underlying idem expressed by them to be the same as
those root-mords spread orerso 1-ast an area elsewhere.
INTBODUCTIOH.
YII. MI~CELLANEOUS TEST 'WOEDS.
(n.) There are just two or three other rords which I mould
glance at very rapidly. The Malay kutu means ' louse '; in all
Polynesia also that word means ' louse '; therefore, as some
persons say, the South Sea Islanders must be Malay-Polynesians.
But I find that in Aneityum also, a Papuan region, in-ket is
'louse,' and in South Australia IiGta, and in other parts of
Australia, k ti-lo, gullun. To complete the analogy, these persons
should now say that the Papuans of the New Hebrides and
the blacks of South Australia are Malay. This looks like a
~eductio ad nbsurrlzcnz.
(b.) The word Irn t u reminds lEe that there are some very unsavoury
words, which are a strong proof of identity of ongin
among races ; for, if these words have not come from one common
source, it is scarcely possible to imagine how they are so much
alike. For instance, gc-nung here means ste~clss houzinis nut
Zesfiae; in Sanskrit the root-verb is gu. In Samoan, (k)i-no is
' excrement,' the same mord as git-nung. Among our Port
Stephens blacks, the worst of the evil spirits is called giinungdhakia='sfercus
edens.' .In Hebrew, a variant for the name
Beelzebub is Beelzebiil, which means dominzts sfereoris.
Again, kak is an Aryan root-veh ; in Kew Guinea it becomes
tage (t fbr k, as is common) ; in New Britain, talc ; in Samoa,
t n'e ; in Aneityum, no-holr and na-he h. The Sanskrit bhaga,
which I need not translate, is in Fiji mnga; aild in Tasmania,
maga; ard pi, mi, as I have alrezdy sho~vn, is as old as the
' is puggrtnubrana or
the vocabularies of that
e meaning of pugga. I
ith the New Britain word
' day '; thus biiganubra
s, 'the sun '; and that is
Malay mord for the ' sun.'
arid the Fijian for ' sun'
the Dravidian pa g-al,