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and the Awabakal has a 'conjoined dual'; yet they all have long
forms of the first and the second pronouns to 11e used alone or
for the sake of emphasis, wl-llile other short forins always go with
a verb as its subject. I add a list of the pronouns found in
the whole of the Australian, Papuan, and Melanesian regions,
so far as they are as yet known to linguists ; for, although I shall
make only a lhitecl use of this list at present, yet it may be
useful to students of language in Brit& and elsewhere, esl~ecially
as the sources from which I have colnpilecl it are not generally
accessible.
The Awabakal pronouns are :-
8ilzg~~Zccr. D zml. Plzwccl.
1st.-Gatoa, bag, emmo-ug, tia Bali, gali
2nd.-Ginto, bi, .- &iro-u.c -
Bula
3rd. ~asc-Niu~voa, noa 'i
ko-ug, b6n
&d. Fern.-Boun-toa, boun- ' " (
Buloara
noun 1
Geen, gear-un
Nura
Bara
For the purpose of comparison, I give the forms of these two
pronouns as founcl in other parts of Australia :-
New Sozcth Wales.
1st Pronoun.
Xing.--Gaiya, &a, &an, gai, iya, gata, gain& ; gaclthu, nathu,
nathuna, athu, aclclu, thu, athol ; mi, miiia, mitua, motto; imigdu,
ganna, nacna ; &era ; maiyai ; iaka ; giamba ; gulagi.
2nd Pronoun.
Sing.-Gind-a, (-u), y!ncl-a, (-u), ind-a, (-e, -0, -u), nind-a, (-u) ; idno ;
numba; woncla; nmdrua, natrua ; yincligi, indiga ; youra; beai,
bubla ; wiya, walbo ; gin ; imiba ; gindigug ; nagdn ; gnlaga.
3rd Pro. ; Si~ifzg.-Genna, noa, niuoa ; P1zc.-Garma, bara.
Victoria.
1 st Pronoun.
Xing.-Gaddo, nzdtha, gio, gaiu, gat&-; waan, aan, winnak; yatti,
yanga, yandoi, nitte ; naik, nai6, niak, ge, ken; wokok, yer-
romik, wolhyek, tiarmek ; biirclop.
2nd Pronoun.
Xing.-Gind-a, (-e, -i,- o, -u): gincldk; nind-i, (-e); ginna, ginya; nin,
nindo, ninan, niam, winnin; yerrowin; tiarmin; waar, wsanyen;
wolanig ; nutuk, ut&; mirambina; gulum; yerally.
3rd Pro.; ~'ing.-Nunthi, munniger, kiga; PZu. Murra-milla,kinyet.
INTRODUCTION. xsxis
Yusnzania.
1st Pro.; Sing.-&ha, mana, men% 2nd Pro. ; Silzg.-Nina.
Central and Sozcth Austmzicc.
I st Pronoun.
Sing.-Gai, gann-a, (-i), ginyi, onye, yiga, yinna, ini, unnyi;
kappa, (-u), gasp, appa, aupa; gatto, attho, attu, actu, althu ;
g66z ; ti ; iyie.
2ncl Pronoun.
Sing.-Gina, nia, nini, nina, yina; gimba, imba, umpu, unga,
unni, yinyi ; nindo, yundo ; ticini, yiclni, y unclru, andru, gunclru ;
wuru, nuru, nuni ; 6;nna.
3rd Pro.; Sing.-Nulia, kitye, pa, panna, ninni ;. Plze.-Kinna(r),
ka(r), pa(r)na, nana, ya(r)clna.
Western Australia.
1st Pronoun.
Sing.-Gatha, gatuko, natto, gadjo, ajjo, &~llya, guanga, gallga,
gana, gonya, nanya, nunna ; gal-n~i, keit ; gi, kids, gika, gig.
2nd Pronoun.
Sing.-Ginda, ginna, yinda, yinna, nini, nillya, niya; &nd~zk,
yinnuk, nondnk, nundu, nhcla, nnnali; janna. Pl~sral-Nurd.
3rd Pro.; Sing.-Bal ; Nu.-Balgun, bullalel.
1st Prgnoun.
Sing.-Gaia, gia, gio, nip; Cansa, ocgya! un6a; nutta, uttllu,
uda; yundu, giba, ipa; nia, la, niu, lu, iuma, yo; bhko;
kuronya ; gung~.
2nd Pronoun.
Sing.--Nincla, inda, imba; ~incla, (-i), ind-a, (-i); yuldna, ~ ~lldu,
indu; innu, iu ; inlcnu, ingowa, enowa, nowa ; n~ho ; nayon ;
nomh ; y~xnur ; tini ; mologa.
rd Pro.; Sing.-Ugda, unda ; Plrc-Sanna.
ith tliese Australian Pronouns, coinpare the
DRAVIDIAX PROXOUSS.
1st Pronoun
ng.-Tamil-Nib, y&n, &n, en ; Canarese-Gn, ybn, n&, aG11u, en,
bn-e; Tulu-ybn, yen, e ; Malayblam-Glam, Ein, 611, en, ena, eni,
ini; Telugu-n&nu, n6, &nu, 6, nil, nu, ni ; Tuda-Gn, en, eni,
ini ; Kata-he, en, eni, hi ; GGnd-ann&, ni, $11, rn ; Ku-
$nu, na, in, e; R&jmah&l-en ; Orkon-enan.
1u.-M6mu, amGt, .t,lin, ;.lm, imu, 11;im, nbngal, nivu, Gvu.