n - University of Newcastle

RECIPROCAL Pnoao~xs.
Gatoa-bo, 'Ilnyself '; gintoa-bo, 'thouthyself'; niu-woabo,
'he hiulself' ; bali-b o, ' our two selres,' and so on. The
60 liere attached is merely an intensive particle.
These are the geuitire cases of the personal pronouns, and
are used thus :-em m o u 111 b a t a, ' ~nille it is' ; u n n i t a emmoumba
kokern, 'thisis my house'; unnoa ta giroumba,
'that is thine'; tararin Biroumba Iiorien, 'it is not thine,'
Zit., 'not thine not,' for the idion1 of the langoage requires
two negatives liere.
Titnrrab 61, 'some oue,' 'some person or persons', is declined
like the fourth declension of nouns ; t arai, ' other,' like the secoild
declension.
Tn, 'it is,' from the substantire verb ; tarn, 'they are,' is of
the fifth declension; nuni tara, 'these are they ~~hich,' as a sub-
ject ; g n 1 i taro, ' these are they mhich,' as agents ; yantin,
' itll,' ' the whole,' is of the second declension ; y a 11 t in-t o, ' all
who,' as agents ; x a li a 11 o, ' one only,' as an agent.
IKTERROGATITE
PBOKOUKS.
The interrogative pronouns are,-g a n, ' who ? ' ; mnLn (~zeut.),
'which? what?'; y~,'where?'; pa-kP6ai, '11o-n-? inahat manner?';
ya-kounta, 'when? at what time?'
EXANPLES OF TnE PABTICLES USED AS AFFIXES TO
TZE I,VI7EXB 0 GA TI VXS.
The Interrogative, G B n - ? who ?
ilTonz. 1 G a n - k e ? who is ?
2 Gan-to? who is the agent?
Gen. Gan-iimba? whose?
Dat. 1 G a n - n ii g ? for whom ?-to possess or use.
2 G a n - k i 11 - k o ? to whom ?-towards whom ?
Act. G a n - n ii g ? whom ? 09- who is the object ?
Voe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dbl. 1 G a n- k a i? from whom? on account of whom?
2 Gan-kin-birug? from, away from whom?
3 G a n - k a t o a? in company with whom ?
4 G a n - li i n - b a? with whom? remaining with wkom?
THE GBAIXIII1. 21
The Interrogative, Mi a- ? what ? which ?,
applied to things only.
>fin-arig? what? as, minarig ke uilni? whatisthis?
3f i n-n iL n ? what are ? i.e., how many ?
Mi n-a r i g -k o ? what ?-as the agent or instrument.
>fin-arig-koba? belonging to what?
Nin-arig-kolag? towards what?
M in-n u g ? what Y-the object of the verb.
Mi n-a r i g- t i n ? from what cause ? why ? wherefore?
' Min-arig-birug? fromwl~at? ofwhat? outofwhat?
Min-arig-kiloa? like &at?
35 i n-a r i g - k o tt ? with what ? together wit11 what ?
Nin-a.rig-kaba? on what?
The Interrogative of place,
W o n- ? what place ? where ?
W o n-t a ? where is the place ? what place ?-dehite.
W o n-n e i n ? where ? which place ?-indefinite.
Won-t a-k il ? wtase., belonging to what country or place?
W o 11-t a - k i 1 i n ? fern., belongng to what country ?
W o n-t a- k o 1 a g ? towards what place ?
\Yo n-t a r i g ? to what place ? whither ?
TVo n-n u g :i what place ? where ?-the object of n verb.
Wo n-t a-t i n t o ? from what place? (causative) ; where at?
o n-t a - b i r u g ? from what place ? out of what place ?
Wo n-t a-k o a ? through what place ? by what place ?
P a k o ai ? how ? in what manner ?
InterrogatiTe adverbs. Y a k 0, n t a ? when? at what time?
111 these particles are used strictly according to the mea~ngs
own above, and cannot be used loosely like some interrogatives
English ; for example, y a k o a i ? ' 11ow ? ' callnot be used to
o ask the question 'how maily?' for it is sn adverb of manner ;
how nlany ' lllust be mi nn8n.
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