n - University of Newcastle

11 ISTBODGCTIOS.
the Kelts, a ~ ery ancient tribe ; soon after their first arri~al in
Europe, me fiud the111 occupying Thrace and the countries about
the mouth of the Dauube ; bnt fresh iinmi,nratioll from the Cancasus
plateau pushed them up the Danube, then into Belgium
aud Prance, thence iuto Britain, and last of all the iarrading
Saxons clrore ttienl ~est\rards into Ireland, and into the mountains
oE TTTales and Scotland. So the successive steps of the
ICushite displacement, in my opinion, were these :-first into the
valle~ of t?le Ganges, mhere they vere the original inhabitants,
then into the Dcliliall and into Further India, then iilto Ceylon,
the A~ida~an Islands, and the Sunda Islands, and thence into
Sustralia. These stngcs I IT-ill examine presentl?nlore in detail.
Bnt, mean~~hile, lct us 1oolc at the old Bnbylonian Iiingdom.
Its ethnic basis mas ICnshite ; its ruling elpasty continued to be
Kushite probably domn to the time of the bwth of bbr:tha~il,
abont 2000 B.C. But before that date, the Babylonia11 population
had been nlaterially chanqed. Niulrod had conquered Ere& and
Accad and Calneh in the land of Shiuar; ail Llkliadian or Turanian
element was thus incorporated with his eml~ire ; he had built
Nineveh and Xehoboth and Calah and Resell (Genesis x. 11) ; a
Shemite elenlent n7ar thus or in some other way superadded ; other
Turanians and Shemites and Japhetian Aryans too, perhaps attracted
by the easF lururiance of life on these fertile plains, had
all assembled in Chaldza and Babylonia. In consequence, 11-e
find that, about twenty centuries B.c., the liushite kingdom had
become a mixed conglomerate of four essentially different races-
IIamite, Turaniau. Shemite, and Japhetiau-~liich on the inscriptions
are called xip,.crf-n,.bnf, ' the four quarters.' Then, as
the Babylonian worship of DIulitta demanded free intercourse as
a religious duty, a strange mixture of pb~sical types must hare
been developetl among the children of these races, the Ethiopian,
Scythic, Shemitic, and Iranian a11 blencling--a rare study to the
eye of a physiologist, who ~~rould have seen somctimes the one type
sometimes the other predoininatmg in the child. This Chaldzan
monarchy-the first of the five great monarchies of ancient
history-rras overthro~ra by an irruption of Arab (Shemitic)
tribes abont the year 1500 B.C. And now, as I think, another
wave of population begrtn to move toxards our shores ; for these
Arabs rrere pure monotheists, and ill their religious zeal must
hare dashed to pieces the polytheistic and sellsun1 fabrlc which
the Babylonian conquests had extended froill the confines of
India westwards to the Mediterranean (cf. Chedorlao~aer's erpedition,
Genesis riv. 0). Those portions of the Chald~o-Babylonian
people that were unable to esc,zl,e from the dominion of the Arabs
were absorbecl in the 1l5m empire, just as man? of the ICeltic
Britons mere in the sixth and seventh centuries merged in the
newly-formed Saxon kingdoms. But the rupture of the Babylo-
nian State and the proscriptiou of its ~ or~hip must hare been SO
complete as to drive forth from their native sents thousands of
the people of the four tongues and force then1 11-estxards into
Africa, or eastwards through the mountain passes iuto the tablelaud
of PLinjLb, and thence into the Gangetic Plain. Rere, 1
imagine, were already located the pure Hanlites of the Dispersion ;
but finding these to be guilty of a skin not exactly colourecl like
their omrn, and not uuderatandiay their language, these lattcr
Kushites of mixed extraction regarded them as enelnies and drore
them before them into the ~noulltaills of the Dclrlian, where, to this
hour, the Dravidians aild liolaria~ls are black-skinned and savay
races. Ere long, these Babylonian Icushites were themselres displaced
and ejected fr~m the Ganges valley by a fair-skinned race,
the Arpans, another and the last ethnic stream of invaders fro111
the north-west. These Arj-ans, iu religiolz and habits irreconcilably
opposed to the earlier races of India, ~I~zged on them a
releiltIess xar. Hemnecl up in the triangle of' southerll Inclia, the
earlier Hamiter could escape only by sea; the Babylonian
Kushites, on the other hand, could not seek safety in the mountains
of the DeliIran, as these -irere already occupied ; they must
therefore have been pushed down the Ganges Into Further India
and the dlalayan penir~sula; thence they pzssed at a later time
into Borneo, and the Sunda Islands, and Papus, aud afterwards
across the sea of Tilnor into Anrtralin, or eastxarda into Dlelanesin,
driven on~varils nonr by the Turanian tribes, which hacl
come doxu from Central Asia, into China and the Pellinsula and
islands of the East Indies.
DImy arguments could be acl~anced in farour of this T iem of
the origin of the ,lustralian mce, but the aiscussioll 11-ould be a
lengthy one, aid this is scarcelJT the place for it. I may, liomerer,
be permitted to add here a ~il.;lple iucidellt in my own
experience. h few nlonths ago, I as staying for a n-hile wit11 s
friend in the bush, far fro111 the maiu roads of the color~y and
from tom-11s ancl ~~illages. One cla~, Iwhen out of doors and alone,
I s a a ~ blnclc ~ man alll~roachil1g ; his curly hair. his features, his
colonr, and his gelleral physique, all said that he was an hustraliai~,
but his gait did not corresl~ond. I \xTas 011 the point of
addressing hi111 as he drew near, but Ire anticipated me and spolce
first; the tones of his voice showed me that I was mistaken. I
at once suspected hinl to be a ICaliuga from the Presidency of
Madras. And he vas a Iialinga. This incident tells its om-11
tale. In short, it appesrs to me that the Dravidiails and some
tribes among the Kiinalayas are the represe~ltatives of the ancient
Dasyus, who resisted the L4ry,a11 inrasion of India, and 117110111 the
Puranas describe as akin to beasts. The existence, also, of
cyclopean rewains in Ponape of the Caroline Islands, and elsewhere
onward through the Pacific Ocean, even as far as Easter