n - University of Newcastle

lviii MTRODUCTION. INTRODUCTION. lix
26. The Dravidian verb is agglutinative ; particles are added
on to the stem in order to espress mood, tense, causation,
negation, kc., no change being made on the stem. Tulu and
Gond-both uncultured dialects-are exceptionally rich in
moods and tenses. All this applies to the dustralian, the
Ebudau, a~ld the Fijian verbs.
27. I11 Dravidian, there are no relative pronouns. So in
Australian ; for ' this is the boolc rrhich you gave me,' a native
mould say ' this is the book ; yon gave it me.'
28. I11 Canarese, liodu, 'to give,' is used as a permissire. In
Awabakal, bkn is the permissive, and appears to be formed
from ba, a root-form meaning 'to make.' In English, the
conditiouai coiljunction ' if ' is for ' gif,' ' give.'
29. The Dravidian verb has no passive, nor has the Australian.
For 'it was brolren,' our natives mould say ' brolien by me (you,
613.) '; a Dravida ~ould say, 'it became broken through me.'
30. I11 Dra~idian there are two futures-(1) a conditioilal
future, and (2) a sort of indeteimlinate aorist future. For the
latter, the llalayiilanl adds -um to tlle verbal noun which is the
base of the future. I11 An~abaksl there are three futures ; the
shird is an aorist future and adds -nun to the verbal stem in
-illi (see pages 23, 28 ad9nena). This -niin is probably equi-
valent to a formative -kn with 1, interposed between the vowels
to prevent hiatus. In Tamil also IL (for d) is similarly inserted
in rerbs ; as, p adi(?z)an, ' I sang.'
XI. THE ORIGIN OF THE AUSTB-~LIAN RACE.
From these analogies and from the general scope of my argument
ill this Introduction, the reader perceives that I wish to
prove a kinship betmeell the Dravidian race and the Australian.
This opinion I expressed in print more thau tell years ago when
it was not so generally held as it is now. Some of the very
highest authorities hare formed the same opinion from evidence
other than that of language. But a theory and arguments
thereoil illust be shown to be antecedently possible or even probable
before it call be accepted ; and to furnish such a basis of
acceptance, one must go to the domain of history. This I now do.
In my opiuion the ultimate home of origiil of the negroid
population of Australia is Babylonia. There, as history tells
us, mankind first began to congregate in great numbers, and
among them the Hamites, the progenitors of the negro races.
It seems to have been those Hamites who were the first to try
to break domnthe lore-law of universal brotherhood and equality;
for Nimrod was of their race, and wished to establish dominion
over his fellows, and to raise an everlasting memorial of his
power, like those which his kindred afterwards reared in Egypt.
This attempt was hustrated by the ' Confusion of tongues,' at
Babel ; and here begins, as I think, the first ulovement of the
negro race towards India and consequeiltly towards Australia.
Here comes in also the ' Taldoth Ben& Koah' of Genesis s.
Accordingly, the positioil of the Hamite or black races at the
opening of history is, in Genesis I;. G, iiidlcnted ethnically by the
names Kush and Mizraim and Phut and Canaan, nhich geogra-
phically are the countries we call Ethiopia and Egxpt and Kubia
and Palestine. The Iiushites, hon ever, I\ ere not confined to
Africa, but were spread in force along the nhole northern shores
of the Arabiau Bea ; they mere speciallj- numerous on the lo\\-er
courses of the Euphrates and Tigris, their origical seats, and
there formed the first germ mhellce came the great empire of
Babylonia. The Aliliadians were Tnranian in speech, and, it may
be, black in ' colour.' I11 this sense, the later Greeli tradition
(Odyssey 1-23-24!) speaks of both an eastcru and a western nation
of Ethiopians. And Herodotus tells us (1-11-70) that ia the
army of Xerxes, d en he invaded Greece, '. the Ethiopians from
the sun-nse (for two kinds serrecl in the expedition) were mar-
shalled with the Indiaiis, an? clicl not at all differ from the others
in appearance, but only in their laugua~e and their hair. For
the eastern Ethopians are stmight-haired, but tl~ose of Libya
hare hair more curly than that of any other people."
It is clear, therefore, that the blacli races, maup centuries
before the Trojan war, had spread themselres from the banks of
the Indus on the east right across to the shores of the Mediterranean,
while towards the south-vest they occupied the nhole of
Egpt and the Abyssinian highlands. Thus they held two noble
colglls of vantage, likely to give them a commanding influence in
the makiilg of the history of ma&i~~d--the \-alley cf the Nlle,
which, through all these ages to the preseilt hour, has never
lost its importance-and the luxuriant flat lands of lIesopotamia.
A mighty destiny beemed to a~rait tlie~ll, and already it had
begun to show itself; for the Iiuehites not only made the earliest
advances tonrards civilisation, but under Slmrod, ' that mighty
hunter,' smitten with the love of dominion, they threatened at
one time to establish a universal e11:pire with Babel as its chief
seat. And not without reason; for the Icushite tribes nere
stalwart in stature and physique, in clisposition vigorous and energetic,
eager for n-ar aid conquest, and nith a capacity and lust
for great things both in peace and nar. But a time of disaster
came which carried them into the remotest parts of the earthinto
Central Africa, into the mountains of Southern India,
whence, after a while, another impulse sent them onwards towards
our own island-continent; hlther they came, as I think,
many centuries before the Christiau era, pressed on and on from
their original seats by the wares of tribal migration ~rhich were
so common in those early days. Su~~ilar mas the experience of