n - University of Newcastle

sxsvi INTBODGCTION.
(d.) In the Kamalarai dialect (N.S.W.), kngal means ' bad,'
' no good '; the -g a1 here, as elsewhere, is formative, and k a is
the root. Now kb is a Sk. prefix meaning ' bad '; in Fiji, 'bad' is
ca, and in the New Hebrides, sa; in New Britain it is a-ka-ina.
(e.) The Awabakal word for ' good ' is murr iir ii g ; in Wirad-
hari, it is marang; in Kamalarai, it is murraba; the Port
Jackson tribe at Sydney called it bujiri. The root is ma, mu,
bn ; Mr. Threlkeld's spelling should thus have been ma-ra-rak,
that is, m a-ra with the last syllable reduplicated and -a g added ;
and murraba should be ma-ra-la ; in bujari, the -jari is a very
common formative. Analogues to these are:--Albannic, b o-i na,
' good '; Ebudan (Aneityum), upen e (up for bu) ; Malay, b 5-i k ;
Papuan, m zge, bo-ana, na-m o, na-ma. The Sanskrit b ha-dra
means 'best,' ' happy,' ' well '; and the insular Keltic ma-th is
'good,' 'wholesome,' 'happy.' I believe that the Latin bonus
(of which Latin etymologists cannot trace the origin) is connected
with these ancient roots; for the Keltic ma-th, i.e., mad, would
easily give bon-us. .
(J) The Wiradhari balun, 'dead,' seems to be the same word
as the Dravidian mu, 'to die,' and of the same origin as the
Polynesian ma-te, ' dead,' and the Malay ma-ti, mang-kat, 'dead.'
The old Assyrian has maatu, 'to die,' and the Sanskrit mri
(mar), the Malay mi-ta, the Hebrew muth, math, are all cognate
verbs. The Keltic has bath, bas, ' death.'
(g.) .Korien is an Awabakal negative. If it were an Ebudail
word, its form in -en would make it a verbal noun equivalent to
' the denying.' Now, it happens that, in the Notu dialect of New
Guinea, gorea means ' to deny,' and the Maori ha-hore or hore
means 'no' (h for k), and whaka-kore-kore,'to deny.' The
Ebudan of Efate has koro, 'to deny.' Another Awabakal nega-
tive is k y a-wai, where the k y a is for ka. The Maori ka-ua
(imperative or optative) also means ' not.'
(ri.),Wiyalli is to 'speak.' The Sanskrit vad, vaq, 'to
sperk, would give the wiy a, and the -alli is the usual verbal form.
Thc Albannic has veti, 'speak.' Fiji has va-ka, 'to say,' and
vei wali, 'to joke,' where vei is a reciprocal. The Awabakal wi-
ya means ' say,' ' tell'; New Britain has mi, ' to tell, to inform.'
(;c.) The Awal~akal b6n means 'to strike,' ' to beat,' ' to kill.'
With this compare the Malay bunoh, 'to kill '; the Albannic
bua-tari, 'to destroy,' and we-umi, 'to fight,' 'to kill,' of which
the we is reciprocal.
(I.) For an adult ' woman,' the Viradhari says inar ; the Port
Jackson (Sydney) sub-tribe said din or dhin* ; other localities say
y inan, ina ; thus the cZ is radical. Several districts, far apart, in
'Hence comes the word jin-so commonly used in Australia to mean
the 'wife' of a black man (kuri).
m-TRODUCTION. xsxvii
British New ' Guinea say ina-gn, ' my mother,' ia in a-na, ' his
mother,' ine, 'mother,' where the ina is our Australian word;
and, in Samoa, tins is 'mother.' Are these languages not akin?
Is it possible that the Papuans, the Polynesiaiis, and the Australians
could have borrowed from one another so essential a word as
' woman,' ' mother ' 1 DIoreover, in Tamil, f nu means ' to bring
forth young ' ( cj Eng y ean), and in Malay ind ii is a word for .
'mother.' Are these, too, not akin to our Australian word 1
VIII. THE PRONOUNS AS TEST WORDS.
There are few languages in which the pronouns of the first and
the second persons are decIinecI throughout by the inflexion of the
same base-stem. In the Aryan family, there are at least two
bases for each of them, and these are often so disguised by the
inflexions that it is di%cult to detect them. In English, for
instance, there does not seem to be any etymological connection
between I and 9x.e and we, and a similar diversity exists in the
ronoun itself almost disappears
a Is.) ni ma-gu ' my hand,' ninla-mu, ' thy hand,'
hand.' In Melanesian languages generally, either
possessive or its suffix form is used with nouns,