n - University of Newcastle

12 AN AVSTEALIAX LASGCAGE.
to the accusative ; as, a 1 i n -b a, ' belonging to us t~ro' ;
g e a r u n-b a, ' be1011ging to us,' ' ours' ; b o u n n o u n -b a,
beloi~ging to her,' 'hers ' The other singular pronouns add the
pqrticles to a variant form of the root-rvord ; as, e m m o -u m b a,
' belonging to me,' ' mine'; g i r o -n m b a. ' belongin~ to thee,'
' thine.' But time and place require -1i a 1, ancl -k a 1 in ; as,
b u r ai - k i 1: ' belonginq to the present ' period cf time now
becoming ; E n g 1 a 11 d -1i i 1, ' a nlan beloilgiilg to England,' 'an
Englishman'; E nglaad -kil in, 'a nTomml belonging to Englaud,'
'an Ecglishmoman'; un tik al, 'hereof,' ' belunglng to this
place.'
4. The Dative cnse shows the ultimate object to wl~ich an action
tends ; as, for n peraon to possess and use a thing hi ally way ; it
is expressed by adding - n 6 $ to the interrogatire pronouil and to
iianles of persons PII~J-, but -1: o to all other nouns., and to the
abstract action, which is thereby formed into a suplne or a construct
infinitive ; as, b 6. n li i 11 i li o, 'for-to smite.'" But motion
towards a person or thing, as opposed to motion from the place
where the person or thing is, requires the following particles
according to the various terillinations of the nouns; viz., - t a li o,
-1iaIi0, -1ali0, -elio, -rako; thatis, tllerarticle -ko,preceded
by a syllable, the consonant of ~hich varies according to
the termination of the noun to n-hich it is affixed ; the personal
proiiouu requires - li i n li o, and place takes - li a li o; see table
of declensions.
6. The Acczrsnfiz,e cnse, which marlis direct action on the person,
not merely towards the person, is the object of a transitive verb.
The personal pronouns hare distinct particles ; see their declension.
Xut names of persons hare the terminating particle - n i~ g
added; so also the interroqatil-es of person, place, and thing ; as,
gan-iiug? 'mhonl?' ov 'who is the direct object?' won-nug?
' where ?' ov ' where at ?' m i 11 - n u $? ' what 'i' or 'what object?'
so also, T h r e 1 k e 1 cl - 11 n 6; is the objectire or accusative case.
All other common substautives, not derioatires, we placed before
the actire verb without any chanqe from the simple nominative ;
nor can error arise therefrom ; because they are used as
agents, the sign of that case will be attached ; as, k a 7 a i b 15 A a,
'smite the kangaroo; but karaito tia bhnlrulla, 'thekangnroo
struck me,' equivalent to, ' I mas struck by the kangaroo.'
ti. I11 the Vocafice cnse, the particle a - 1 a or e - 1 a, calling for
attention, is prefixed to the form of the nominative, not the
agent-nominatirye, case ; as, a 1 a p i r i w a 1 ! '0 king !' equivalent
to 'May it please your majestv.'
7. dblnfice case. Certain postpositions are used to indicate
this case; as, (1) k a i, meaning 'from,' 'concerning,' 'abont,' 'on
account of,' used only to proper names and pronouns ; but for
* See footnote, page 24.
THE CBAJI~ILE. 13
common nouns, -ti 12, -1 i n, -in, - r in, ' fronl,' ' on accouilt of,'
the consonant varying accorcliug to tile termination of the word
to which it is attached ; (2), k i 1 - b i r u g, meaning 'f'rom,' used
only to pronouns, is opposed to the dative of ' motion to~vards ';
proper names, whether of persolls or places, require k a - b i r u & ;
but common nouns require, according to their terminations,
-ta-birug, -ka-birug, -la-birug, -a-birug, -ra-birug,
to mark ' motion from,' as opposed to the dative ; (3) ki at o a,
OF ADJEC-TITES ASD ~ARTICIPLES.
Adjectives have no distinctive endings; it depends entirely on
their situation, or on the particles used, whether words are nouns,
adjectives, verbs, or adverbs. For instance, if m u r r a r a g,
' good,' y a r a k a i, ' bad,' and k-o n 6i n. ' prettr,' be declined
according to their terminations, with the particles of agency
affixed, they r~~onld then become agents, and consequently no~u~s;