n - University of Newcastle

ATt~i~zernls.
One,'gaiil; 'tmo,'gudjal; 'three,' warh-lea&; 'foul;'gud-
jal-gudj a1 ; 'five' is marh-j in biga, ' half the hancls'; ' ten'
is b elli-belli m a r 11 j in La ga, ' the hand on either sicle.'
In reckoning time the natives say 'sleeps ' £01- days, and
' summers and winters ' for years. There is no Article.
3. Paoxou~s.
Tlie proilouns must be czrefully rrsecl, for a very sligllt change
in the termination of any one of them will alter ahogether the
force ancl meaning of a sentence.
The 21ersonccl yronoz~ns are :--
Singzblctr. Plural.
Gacljo or kanya, ' I.' Gala-ta, ' we.'
N'yundo or ginni, ' thou.' ?7'yura~, ' ye.'
Eal, 'he, she, it.' Balgun, 'they.'
They are thus declined :-
Singz~lc~r.
i?tT0712.
G'en.
Dcct.
1st.
I Gaclj o
1 Ganya
Gannalik
Ganna
2nd.
N'yundo
{ Ginni
Nyunnolik
N'yuimo
3rd.
Ba16k
Ralik
BCCZG. Ganyain Ginnin Balin
Abl.
Plz~ral.
Balil
iITol~z. Galata N'yurag Balgun
Gen.
Bat.
Acc.
dbl.
Gaiuiliik
Gailnilik
Gannil (-in)
Gallililil
N'yuragik
N'yuragil
K'ytu-akin
N'yuragil
Ealgui~ik
Balgunik
Balgnnin
Balgunil ,
There are thus two forms for the Sing. iVo91z. of the first and
seconcl pronouns ; gad j o and n'y uncl o seem to be used with an
active sense of the verb, but gall y a and gin11 i wit11 a passive
sense ; for there is no passive fol-ln of the verb, and there is no
verb ' to be'; gall y a and giilili are always used with a participle
or an adjective ; g adj o ancl n'y undo are never so used.
Exanz~~les of tl~eir zcse :-Gadjo cljinnag ' I see,' but ganya
barclin, 'I amgoing:; gacljo dtan, 'I pierce,' but ganya &annauin,
'I am eating.; gadjo burno dendagaga, 'I climbed a
tree,' but ganya waugilhl bukkanaga, 'I mas bitten by a
snake'; gailya windo, 'I an1 old'; ganya gbrra& 'I am
angry.' Similarly for the seconcl pronouns ; as, n'punclo kat tidj,
do you understand'? but yan ginni man-gauin, ' what are
you talking about'? n'yundo naitjdk gabbi ganna a ~ . gan- a ;
bru, 'why c?o you not fetcli me ~vater'? but ginni naitjik
balin bumawin, 'why are yon beating rile"?. Ginni cljul,
'yon are mickecl'; gillni goradda, 'you arc short. 'P
--- D~tal-- -
I st. 2nd. 3rd.
Ayon2. I. Galli Nnbal Bula
3. Galla N libal BuIala
3. Gannik h'ubin Bulen.
Another form of gannik is gannana.
The foi-ms inarkecl nonz. 1 are used by brotllers and sisters or
two friends closely related; nom. 3.' by parent ailcl cliild or by
nephew ancl uncle ; nom. 3., by husband and wife or by two
persons of different sexes aEectionately attached, or (&an n anaj
by tn70 brothers-in-law.
The Possessive Pro~zozcns are :-
Ganna, 'my,' gennaltik, 'mine'; n'y unna, 'thy,' n'ynnnalik,
~~'yuniialag, ' thine '; balak, balalkk, 'his, her, its,'
gannilbk, 'our or ours'; n'yuragkk, 'your or yours'; balguni k,
' their or theirs.' The Demonstrative Pronnzc?zs are :-N'y agga,
'that,' 'those'; nidj a, ' this,' 'these.' The 17ztel.rogntive Provaozcns
are:-Gailni, ' who '2 i.e., ' who are you '2 ,$ndo, ' mho '? i.e.,
' who did that '? &anno$, ' milose '2
4. VEBDS.
The verbs in most common use are :-
Arise-irabin Fight-bsbnclju
lieat-bumn Plj--birdtig
Eecome-abbin Go-barclo; TI-atto
Bite-5ikkan Go away-liolbardo
Break-talilian Hear-liatticlj
Bring ; carry off; take Pain-bililian
away-barrag Pierce-dtan
DIarry-liardo barrag See-cljim-tt& ; gan-gau
Burn (fire)-bnrmrip
Eury-bianan
Carry-gagnu
Sit-ginnan
. Speak- an-gau
Spear-gicIj il
Cook-clukun
Cry-mirag
Stand-yugau
Take-gagau
Cry out-mirau Tear-j eran
Dig-bian Tllrom-g~\-ardo
Eat, clrinli -&anno ; nalgo. Tie-yutarn
Pear-wnien Unclerstnnd-listtidj
Walk-gannau.