mass-communication-theory

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386 Index I ice-age analogy, 342 Id, 82 ideas, marketplace of, 105–108 identification, 194 ideology, 217 imitation, 194 imperviousness to influence, 252 Index, Mean World, 344–345 Index, Violence, 341 indirect-effects theory, 148 individual differences, 152 individual differences theory, 153 inductive, 142 industries, culture, 220 industries, media, 45–72 assumptions of mass society theory, 55–63 beginnings, 47–48 as culture, 347–350 cycles of mass media development and decline, 49–52 early examples of mass society theory, 63–64 gemeinschaft and gesellschaft, 64–65 mass society critics and debate over media, 52–54 mass society theory in contemporary times, 67–70 mechanical and organic solidarity, 65–67 rise of yellow journalism, 49 influence imperviousness to, 252 two-step flow of information and, 142–146 information. See also Disinformation information (innovation) diffusion theory, 281–283 information and influence, two-step flow of, 142–146 information avoiders, 263 information handlers, 263 information-flow theory, 161–163 information-processing theory, 262, 263–266, 267 inhibitory effects, 196 Innis, bias of communication, 230–231 Innis, Harold, 230–231 innovation diffusion theory, 281–283 instant access agenda-setting, 297 attitude-change theory, 156 British cultural studies, 222 commodification of culture, 350 critical theory, 215 cultivation analysis, 345 cultural studies theory, 218 elaboration likelihood model (ELM), 269 elite pluralism, 168 entertainment theory, 270 frame analysis, 335 functionalism, 179 information-flow theory, 163 information/innovation diffusion theory, 283 information-processing theory, 267 knowledge gap, 294 Libertarianism, 120 marketplace-of-ideas theory, 107 mass entertainment theory, 181 mass society theory, 67 McLuhanism, 234 media intrusion theory, 310 media system dependency theory, 291 news production research, 307 phenomenistic theory, 166 political economy theory, 223 propaganda theory, 88 reception theory, 258 social cognitive theory, 197 social constructionism, 329 social marketing theory, 286 social responsibility theory, 121 spiral of silence, 300 symbolic interactionism, 323 systems theory, 186 two-step flow theory, 143 uses-and-gratifications theory, 256 Institute for Propaganda Analysis, 88–91 intentionality, 252 interactionism, symbolic, 316–319, 321–323 international capitalism, 358 Internet communication technologies such as satellites and, 361 emerged as essential worldwide medium, 358 Internet era, public interest in, 121–126 Internet networks, wireless, 22 interpersonal communication, 6 intersubjective agreement, 12 Iraq war in, 301–302 WMD and war in, 78–79 issues, ongoing debate over, 38–39 J Jackson, Janet, 45 journalism community-funded, 125 crowd-funded, 125 explanatory, 339 professionalization of, 109–110 reforming based on framing theory, 339–340 saving, 124–125 yellow, 28 K Key, V. O., 167 Klapper, Joseph, 164–165 Klapper’s phenomenistic theory, 164–165 theoretical statements, 165 your turn, 165 knowledge gap, 291–293, 294 L laissez-faire doctrine, 105 Lasswell, Harold, 83–84 Laswell’s propaganda theory, 83–85 late-night comics, fear of, 3 latent functions, 178 Lazarsfeld approach, limitations in, 146–148 leader, opinion, 145 learning observational, 196 social, 193–195 learning theory operant, 195 traditional, 195 legacy, Hovland-Lazarsfeld, 172 levels of analysis, 37 Libertarian ideals, radical, 100 Libertarian thought, origin of, 101–105 Libertarianism, 120 new form of radical, 105–108 reborn, 93–94 limited cognitive resources, 266 limited-effects generalizations, summary of, 169–170 limited-effects perspective, 137 contributions of, 171 drawbacks of, 170–171 mass communication leads to, 29–33 limited-effects theory, 148 competing cultural perspectives challenge, 34–35 development of, 138–142 limited-effects theory, rise of, 135–173 Carl Hovland and experimental section, 149–151 communication research program, 151–153 contemporary selective exposure, 160–161 contributions of limited-effects perspective, 171 development of limited-effects theory, 138–142 drawbacks of limited-effects perspective, 170–171 elite pluralism, 166–168 Hovland-Lazarsfeld legacy, 172 information-flow theory, 161–163 Klapper’s phenomenistic theory, 164–165 limitations in Lazarsfeld approach, 146–148 limitations of experimental persuasion research, 157–160 limited-effects theory, 148 mass communication research and focus on media effects, 153–154 Mills and Power Elite, 168–169 from propaganda research to attitudechange theories, 148–149 return of minimal effects, 160–161 selective processes, 154–157 summary of limited-effects generalizations, 169–170 two-step flow of information and influence, 142–146 limit-effects theory, 30 Lippmann, Walter, 85 Lippmann’s theory of public opinion formation, 85–86 Listserv, 6 literacy defined, 353 media, 35, 351–353 two views of media, 353–354 literacy corps, digital, 293 literary criticism, textual analysis and, 218–219 local origination rules, 119 low power FM radio (LPFM), 120 LPFM. See Low power FM radio (LPFM) Lyle, Jack, 182 M macroscopic theory, 37 macroscopic versus microscopic theories, 213 magic bullet theory, 82 Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
mainstreaming, 344 man, extensions of, 232 mandatory access rules, 119 manifest functions, 178 Marine in Afghanistan, photograph of wounded and dying, 98 marketing theory, social, 284–288 marketplace, model of, 107 marketplace of ideas, 105–108 marketplace-of-ideas theory, 107 Marxism. See Neo-Marxism Marxist theory, 216, 217–218 mass communication, 5 defining and redefining, 5–7 leads to limited-effects perspective, 29–33 Mass Communication: A Sociological Perspective (Wright), 178 mass communication, critical and critical and critical and critical and cultural theories of changing times, 211–212 critical theories, 214–215 cultural studies and political economy theorists, 224–226 cultural studies - transmissional versus ritual perspective, 227–228 cultural theories and empirical research, 215–216 cultural turn in media research, 212–213 development of neo-Marxist theory in Britain, 220–223 Frankfurt School, 219–220 Harold Innis - bias of communication, 230–231 macroscopic versus microscopic theories, 213 Marshall McLuhan - the medium is the message and massage, 229–230 Marxist theory, 217–218 McLuhan - understanding media, 231–235 neo-Marxism, 218 political economy theory, 223–224 research on popular culture in United States, 228–229 rise of cultural theories in Europe, 216–217 textual analysis and literary criticism, 218–219 mass communication, critical and cultural theories of, 209–237 mass communication, normative theories of, 96–131 Cold War tests social responsibility theory, 116–117 government regulation of media, 108–109 limitations of professionalization, 111–114 marketplace of ideas, 105–108 miscellaneous normative theories, 126–129 new form of radical Libertarianism, 105–108 origin of Libertarian thought, 101–105 origin of normative theories of media, 100–101 postwar compromise, 114–116 professionalization of journalism, 109–110 public interest in Internet era, 121–126 role for social responsibility theory, 119–121 social responsibility theory of press, 114–116 using social responsibility theory to guide professional practice, 117–119 mass communication research and focus on media effects, 153–154 mass communication theorists, adoption of systems models by, 186–187 mass communication theory, 17–18 end of, 362–363 short life of, 363 mass communication theory, four eras of, 22–41 competing cultural perspectives challenge limited-effects theory, 34–35 emergence of meaning-making perspectives on media, 35–38 era of mass society and mass culture, 27–29 four eras of media theory, 26–27 mass communication leads to limited-effects perspective, 29–33 ongoing debate over issues, 38–39 mass communication theory, understanding and evaluating, 3–21 critical theory, 14 defining and redefining mass communication, 5–7 defining theory, 11–12 evaluating theory, 16–17 flexible social science, 17 hermeneutic theory, 13 mass communication theory, 17–18 normative theory, 14–16 postpositivist theory, 12–13 science and human behavior, 7–11 mass communication to media theory, transformation from, 362 mass culture, era of mass society and, 27–29 mass entertainment theory, 180, 181 mass media development and decline, cycles of, 49–52 mass media, social cognition from, 195–197 mass society, 320 mass society and mass culture, era of, 27–29 mass society critics and debate over media, 52–54 mass society theory, 27 assumptions of, 55–63 in contemporary times, 67–70 early examples of, 63–64 mass society theory rise and fall of, 46 mass society theory, rise of media industries and, 45–72 assumptions of mass society theory, 55–63 beginnings, 47–48 cycles of mass media development and decline, 49–52 earlyexamplesofmasssocietytheory,63–64 gemeinschaft and gesellschaft, 64–65 mass society critics and debate over media, 52–54 mass society theory in contemporary times, 67–70 mechanical and organic solidarity, 65–67 rise of yellow journalism, 49 master symbols, 84 McCarthy, Murrow versus, 61–62 McCarthy, Sen. Joseph R., 61 McCarthy, Senator Joseph, 33 McLuhan being an optimist, 233 the medium is the message and massage, 229–230 understanding media, 231–235 Index 387 McLuhan, Marshall, 229–230 McLuhanism, 234 Mean World Index, 344–345 meaning, negotiated, 258 meaning-making, 315 meaning-making in social world, 313–356 advertising - ultimate cultural commodity, 350–351 commodification of culture, 347–350 controversy, 343 cultivation analysis, 340–343 current applications of symbolic interactionism, 321–323 effects of frames on news audiences, 338–339 final note on cultivation, 345–347 framing and frame analysis, 330–335 framing and objectivity, 336–338 Mean World Index, 344–345 media as culture industries, 347–350 media literacy movement, 351–353 pragmatism and Chicago School, 319–321 products of cultivation analysis, 343–344 recent theories of frames and framing, 335–336 reforming journalism based on framing theory, 339–340 social constructionism, 323–330 symbolic interactionism, 316–319 two views of media literacy, 353–354 meaning-making perspectives on media, emergence of, 35–38 mechanical and organic solidarity, 65–67 media and children’s socialization, 204–206 classic four functions of, 178 as culture industries, 347–350 emergence of meaning-making perspectives on, 35–38 government regulation of, 108–109 mass society critics and debate over, 52–54 origin of normative theories of, 100–101 push and pull, 269 system dependency theory, 288–291 understanding, 231–235 media, fearful reaction to new, 53–54 movies and talkies, 53 radio, 53–54 television, 54 media and culture theories, 313–356 advertising - ultimate cultural commodity, 350–351 commodification of culture, 347–350 controversy, 343 cultivation analysis, 340–343 current applications of symbolic interactionism, 321–323 effects of frames on news audiences, 338–339 final note on cultivation, 345–347 framing and frame analysis, 330–335 framing and objectivity, 336–338 Mean World Index, 344–345 media as culture industries, 347–350 media literacy movement, 351–353 pragmatism and Chicago School, 319–321 products of cultivation analysis, 343–344 recent theories of frames and framing, 335–336 Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. Al
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1959 C. Wright Mills’s The Sociol
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From the Wadsworth Series in Mass C
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This is an electronic version of th
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To Sidney Kraus His words and actio
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x Contents CHAPTER 2 FOUR ERAS OF M
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xii Contents Limitations of the Exp
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xiv Contents Development of Recepti
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xviii Preface Many if not all of th
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xx Preface THE USE OF HISTORY In th
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xxii Preface about these issues. We
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xxiv Preface their refinement in he
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4 Section 1 Introduction to Mass Co
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10 Section 1 Introduction to Mass C
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CHAPTER 2 convergence The erasure o
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SECTION 2 42 THE ERA OF MASS SOCIET
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46 Section 2 The Era of Mass Societ
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CHAPTER 5 96 NORMATIVE THEORIES OF
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100 Section 2 The Era of Mass Socie
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SECTION 3 132 FROM LIMITED-EFFECTS
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134 Section 3 From Limited-Effects
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CHAPTER 7 OVERVIEW 174 MOVING BEYON
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SECTION 4 238 CONTEMPORARY MASS COM
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240 Section 4 Contemporary Mass Com
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CHAPTER 10 278 MEDIA AND SOCIETY: T
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Page 390 and 391: REFERENCES Adbusters. (2002). “Th
Page 392 and 393: 366 References Century, April 17. (
Page 394 and 395: 368 References Argument about New M
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Page 398 and 399: 372 References 1942-1943. New York:
Page 400 and 401: 374 References Lasswell, H. D. (192
Page 402 and 403: 376 References Miller, K. (2005). C
Page 404 and 405: 378 References Preiss, R. W. (2007)
Page 406 and 407: 380 References Smillie, D. (2009).
Page 408 and 409: 382 References query Human capacity
Page 410 and 411: 384 Index children, focus on functi
Page 414 and 415: 388 Index media and culture theorie
Page 416 and 417: 390 Index sensemaking, decoding and
Page 418: 392 Index theory, understanding and
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