A Proposal for a Standard With Innovation Management System

Aurelie Delemarle and Claire Auplat
nanotechnologies aiming at taking all aspects linked to the development of nanotechnologies into
consideration including ethics and representations.
4.3 What does it tell us?
The specificities of NST limit the impact of mandatory regulation as it is: indeed globalisation on R&D
activities as well as globalisation of markets lead to the impossibility for one country to regulate the
emerging field. Although mandatory regulation is developing as we showed and is adapting to nano,
pressures linked to sustainable development favoured the development of voluntary regulations : first;
codes of Conduct first focus on showing that business is favouring a responsible and more
transparent approach. the second receiving the much attention today is standardisation most notably
within ISO. ISO is based on consensus and on expertise (even thought it has been criticized for its
openness). These two elements give it legitimacy at the international level. On the contrary codes of
conducts have been developed locally by a few actors who wanted to take into consideration social
concerns, but they have not be taken up broadly. However, all of them result from the need to link
culture, structure and technology. We argue that it is the overflowing that could not be dealt within the
existing frames (existing sectorial and mandatory regulation) that led to the development of such
voluntary frameworks. They are new frameworks that become important in the governance of NST.
They come to complement existing frameworks that are trying to be adapted to face NST challenges.
This gap offers the possibilities for strategic entrepreneurs to develop new frameworks and to try to
have them become part of the regulatory frameworks (they are thus institutional entrepreneurs). We
can consider here the work by Dupont and Environmental Defense which we recall earlier. The
project developed when then taken up by the ISO TC 229 within WG 3 on health, safety and
environmental issues. By developing such frameworks and having them adopted broadly,
entrepreneurs can keep a lead over their competitors. Governance can thus also be promoted by
entrepreneurs who want to act strategically under conditions of uncertainties.
Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the support of the Chaire Innovation et Entrepreneuriat from Paris Chamber of
Commerce (CCIP) as well as from the ANR NanoExpectation Project (ANR-09-NANO-032)
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