A Proposal for a Standard With Innovation Management System

Zaidatol Akmaliah Lope Pihie, Afsaneh Bagheri and Zaidatol Haslinda Abdullah Sani
Table 3: t-test results based on gender
Gender Mean SD t-value Sig
Regulatory Focus Male
Female
3.21
3.19
.52
.44 .39 .69
Promotion Focus Male
Female
2.7
2.72
.48
.43
.24 .81
Prevention Focus
Male
Female
3.26
3.23
.62
.51
.63 .53
Self Efficacy Male
Female
3.22
3.18
.75
.64
.58 .56
Entrepreneurial Intention Male
Female
3.11
3.06
.55
.48 .96 .33
Entrepreneurial Activity Male
Female
Social Valuation Male
Female
Entrepreneurial Skills Male
Female
3.14
3.10
3.03
2.98
3.48
3.46
.59
.50
.78 .43
.59
.54 .86 .38
.84
.73 .25 .79
Note: interpretation of mean score: (1-2.33) low, (2.34-3.67) moderate, (3.68-5) high.
Table 4 indicates that students scored moderate in all items related to entrepreneurial skills. The
highest mean score is related to problem solving skills and the lowest is related to recognition of
opportunity.
Table 4: Mean scores on students entrepreneurial skills
Entrepreneurial skills Mean SD Level
Recognition of opportunity 3.40 1.06 Moderate
Creativity 3.46 1.02 Moderate
Problem solving skills 3.56 .96 Moderate
Leadership and communication skills 3.54 1.04 Moderate
Development of new products and services 3.47 .99 Moderate
Networking skills, and making professional contacts 3.49 1.12 Moderate
Note: interpretation of mean score: (1-2.33) low, (2.34-3.67) moderate, (3.68-5) high.
Table 5 shows the mean score in students’ perceptions toward entrepreneurial activity. The highest
mean score (mean= 3.66) is for the item The reader only knows that there were 391 respondents but
doesn´t know what is the relevance in terms of response rate. Regarding social value of
entrepreneurship, students scored moderate in all items as illustrated in table 6. That means students
perceive a moderate support for entrepreneurial activities in their immediate family, friends,
colleagues and country.
Table 5: Mean scores on students perceptions toward entrepreneurial activity
Items Mean SD Level
Starting a firm and keeping it viable would be easy for me 2.96 .97 Moderate
A career as an entrepreneur is totally unattractive to me 2.50 1.15 Moderate
My friends would approve of my decision to start a business 3.30 .97 Moderate
I am ready to do anything to be an entrepreneur 3.21 1.11 Moderate
I will make every effort to start and run my own business 3.44 1.08 Moderate
I am able to control the creation process of a new business 3.36 .99 Moderate
My immediate family would approve of my decision to start a business 3.47 1.05 Moderate
I have serious doubts about ever starting my own business 3.01 1.07 Moderate
If I had the opportunity and resources, I would love to start a business 3.66 1.05 Moderate
My colleagues would approve of my decision to start a business 3.34 .97 Moderate
Amongst various options, I would rather be anything but an entrepreneur 2.87 1.09 Moderate
I am determined to create a business venture in the future 3.40 1.01 Moderate
If I tried to start a business, I would have a high chance of being successful 3.36 .92 Moderate
Being an entrepreneur would give me great satisfaction 3.45 1.02 Moderate
It would be very difficult for me to develop a business idea 2.91 1.05 Moderate
My professional goal is to be an entrepreneur 3.25 1.11 Moderate
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