A Proposal for a Standard With Innovation Management System

Paula Odete Fernandes, João Ferreira and Cristina Fernandes
observations compared with the average of the group are classified, with the aim is to create groups
having maximum internal cohesion and maximum separate external (Green, 2003). Is a method that
uses the variance to evaluate distances between clusters, these results in an efficient method when
compared with other hierarchical methods. As a dissimilarity measure between subjects was selected
the square of the Euclidean distance (Euclidean Distance Squared). Through the graphical
visualization of Figure 1 allows us to anticipate the optimal number hypothetical clusters of countries
as well as their composition. The distance between about 5 and 10 are easily distinguished three
groups. The first cluster comprises 16 countries, 22 countries for cluster 2 and cluster 3 includes 16
countries. However, in order to identify number optimum of clusters we used the test r-squared
(R-Sq). With the support of one-way ANOVA and the graph with relative distance between clusters
and r-square test (Figure 1), we can retain three clusters.
Table 1: Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Perceptions for 54 GEM Countries in 2009 (Cont.).
Country
Entrepreneurship as
Desirable Career
Choice
(%)
Medium Attention for
Entrepreneurship
(%)
High Status Successful
Entrepreneurship
(%)
Algeria 57 39 58
Argentina 68 80 76
Belgium 46 33 49
Bosnia & Herzegovina 73 51 57
Brazil 81 77 80
Chile 87 47 70
China 66 79 77
Colombia 90 81 74
Croatia 68 53 49
Denmark 47 25 75
Dominican Republic 92 61 88
Ecuador 78 55 73
Finland 45 68 88
France 65 50 70
Germany 54 50 75
Greece 66 32 68
Guatemala 77 66 67
Hong Kong 45 66 55
Hungary 42 32 72
Iceland 51 72 62
Iran 56 61 78
Israel 61 50 73
Italy 72 44 69
Jamaica 76 74 77
Japan 28 61 50
Jordan 81 70 84
Korea (South) 65 53 65
Latvia 59 51 66
Lebanon 85 65 79
Malaysia 59 80 71
Morocco 80 73 84
Netherlands 84 64 67
Norway 63 67 69
Palestine 88 52 78
201