312 R EFERENCES Brams, Steven, Theory of Moves (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994). Byrne, Robert, “Karpov Adjourns Play in a Drawish Endgame,” The New York Times, Tuesday, July 9, 1996, B<strong>2.</strong> 189 Callois, Roger, Les jeux et les hommes (Paris: Gallimard, 1958). Calvino, Italo Il Castello dei destini incrociati (Torino: Einaudi, 1973); Engl tr. The castle of crossed destinies (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977). Calvino, Italo, Città Invisibili (Torino: Einaudi, 1971); Engl. tr. Invisible Cities (New York Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1974). Calvino, Italo, Palomar (Torino: Einaudi, 1983). Engl. tr. Mr. Palomar (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985). Calvino, Italo, Se una notte d’inverno un viaggiatore... (Torino: Einaudi, 1979); Engl. tr. If on a winter’s night a traveler.... (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981). Calvino, Italo, t con zero (Torino: Einaudi, 1967); Engl. tr. t zero (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1969). Carroll, Michael P., “Lévi-Strauss on the Oedipus Myth: A Reconsideration,” American Anthropologist, 80 (1978), 805-814. 227 Churchland, Patricia, Neurophilosophy (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1986). Coles, L. Stephen, “ Computer Chess: The Drosophila of AI,” AI Expert, 9, 4 (April 1994) 25-3<strong>2.</strong> Collins, Harry M., Artificial Experts, Social Knowledge and Intelligent Machines (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990). Cottafavi Beppe, Magri Maurizio, eds., I narratori dell’invisibile (Modena: Mucchi, 1987). Cummins, Robert, and Pollock, John, <strong>Philosophy</strong> and AI; essays at the interface (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991). De Mauro, Tullio, Introduzione alla Semantica (Bari: Laterza, 1965). Deleuze, Gilles, and Guattari, Félix, L’ Anti-Oedipe (Paris: Seuil, 1972). Deleuze, Gilles, and Guattari, Félix, Mille plateaux (Paris: Minuit, 1980); Engl. tr. A Thousand Plateaus (Minneapolis: Minnesota UP, 1987). Deleuze, Gilles, Nietzsche and <strong>Philosophy</strong> (New York: Columbia UP, 1983). Delruelle, Edouard, Claude Lévi-Strauss et la philosophie (Bruxelles: de Boeck, 1989). Dennett, Daniel “When Philosophers Encounter Artificial Intelligence,” Daedalus, 117, 1 (1988) 283-295. Dennett, Daniel, “Artificial Intelligence as <strong>Philosophy</strong> and as Psychology,” Brainstorms (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1978). Dennett, Daniel, Consciousness Explained (Cambridge, Ma: MIT Press, 1993). Derrida, Jacques, D’un ton apocalyptique adopté naguère en philosophie (Paris: Galilée, 1983). Derrida, Jacques, De la grammatologie (Paris: Seuil, 1967); Engl tr. Of Grammatology (Baltimore:
Johns Hopkins UP, 1974). Derrida, Jacques, Limited Inc. (Evanston: Northwestern UP, 1977). Descartes, René, Philosophical Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1988). Désveaux, Emmanuel, and Pouillon, Jean, eds., La formule canonique des mythes, L’Homme, 35, 135 (1995). 233 Diamond, Stanley, "The Myth of Structuralism," Ino Rossi, ed., The Unconscious in Culture (New York: E.P. Dutton &Co, Inc, 1974) 292-335. Donskoy, Mikhail, and Schaeffer, Jonathan, “Perspectives on falling from grace,” T. Anthony Marsland and Jonathan Schaeffer, eds., Chess, Computers, and Cognition (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990). Dretske, Fred, Naturalizing the mind (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995). Dreyfus, Hubert, Alchemy and Artificial Intelligence (Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corp, 1965). Dreyfus, Hubert, and Dreyfus, Stuart, “Making a Mind Versus Modeling the Brain: Artificial Intelligence at a Branching Point,” Margaret Boden, ed., The <strong>Philosophy</strong> of Artificial Intelligence (Oxford: Oxford UP, 1990). Dreyfus, Hubert, and Dreyfus, Stuart, Mind over machines (New York: The Free Press, 1986). Dreyfus, Hubert, What Computers Can’t Do (New York: Harper and Row, 1972). Dupuy, Jean-Pierre, Aux origines des sciences cognitives (Paris: La Découverte, 1994). Eco, Umberto, Trattato di semiotica generale (Milano: Bompiani, 1975). Edwards, Paul, The Closed World (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996). Ferretti, Gian Carlo, Le capre di Bikini (Roma: Editori Riuniti, 1989). Ferry, Luc, and Renaut, Alain, Philosophie ‘68. Essai sur l’antihumanisme contemporaine (Paris: Gallimard, 1985). 32 Fichte, Johann Gottlob, Wissenschafslehre; Engl. Tr. The Science of Knowledge (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1982). Fichte, Johann, “Concerning the Concept of the Wissenschaftslehre,” Early Philosophical Writings, (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988). Foucault, Michel, The Use of Pleasures (New York: Vintage Books, 1990). <strong>Franchi</strong>, <strong>Stefano</strong>, Güzeldere, Güven, and Minch, Eric, “Interview with Heinz von Foerster,” <strong>Stefano</strong> <strong>Franchi</strong> and Güven Güzeldere, eds., Constructions of the Mind, Special issue of the Stanford Humanities Review, 4, 2, 1995, 288-306. Freud, Sigmund, The Standard Edition of the Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (London: Hogarth Press, 1964). Fujimura, Joan, and Clarke, Adele, eds., The Right Tools For The Job: At Work in Twentieth Century Life Sciences (Princeton: Princeton UP, 1992). Fujimura, Joan, Crafting Science (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1996). 313
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ENDGAMES Game and Play at the End o
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I. Prelude 1. Mr. Palomar 3 2. Mr.
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PRELUDE
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M R . PALOMAR will make clear, hope
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M R . PALOMAR’ S CHECKMATES I wil
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M R . PALOMAR’ S CHECKMATES Conce
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T HE WORLD OF CANDRAKIRTI we have s
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tion: T HE WORLD OF CANDRAKIRTI 1.
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T HE WORLD OF CANDRAKIRTI interpret
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T HE WORLD OF CANDRAKIRTI biguity,
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T HE IRREPARABLE LIGHT OF DAWN the
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T HE IRREPARABLE LIGHT OF DAWN In M
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CHAPTER I THE END OF PHILOSOPHY in
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2. Philosophy P HILOSOPHY Discourse
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P HILOSOPHY cably intertwined that
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P HILOSOPHY As this passage shows,
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H EGEL’ S PARADOX inner contradic
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H EGEL’ S PARADOX a series of eve
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H EGEL’ S PARADOX Let us go back
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H EGEL’ S PARADOX opened up for u
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CHAPTER II ABSOLUTE(S) SPIELEN in w
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A BSOLUTE( S ) SPIELEN tragic: this
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A BSOLUTE( S ) SPIELEN the player m
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A BSOLUTE( S ) SPIELEN Hegel is the
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A BSOLUTE( S ) SPIELEN the roots of
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B ORDERING PHILOSOPHY holds itself
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B ORDERING PHILOSOPHY inside the bu
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B ORDERING PHILOSOPHY duction that
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S PIELEN, THE ABYSS, AND THE CHILD
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T HE GREAT BEYOND source, from the
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CHAPTER III PHILOSOPHY, NON-PHILOSO
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N ON-PHILOSOPHY new fields of inqui
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N ON-PHILOSOPHY would do more justi
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N ON-PHILOSOPHY odology which is no
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O N THE VARIOUS MEANINGS OF “X IS
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O N THE VARIOUS MEANINGS OF “X IS
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O N THE VARIOUS MEANINGS OF “X IS
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A RTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A NON-
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AI, STRUCTURALISM, AND SPIEL Of cou
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CHAPTER IV CHESS, GAMES, AND FLIES
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T HE DROSOPHILA OF AI. involvement
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G AME THEORETIC GAMES reductive. Th
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C OMBINATORIAL EXPLOSIONS the diffi
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C OMBINATORIAL EXPLOSIONS “soluti
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C OMBINATORIAL EXPLOSIONS good move
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C OMBINATORIAL EXPLOSIONS possible
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C OMBINATORIAL EXPLOSIONS tive Beha
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C OMBINATORIAL EXPLOSIONS in 1958 a
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C OMBINATORIAL EXPLOSIONS tics pose
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CHAPTER V STRUCTURES (AND SPACES) i
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G AMES AND STRUCTURES same function
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G AMES AND STRUCTURES ically limiti
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conscious phenomena. F ROM LANGUAGE
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F ROM LANGUAGE TO MYTH ulating an e
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F ROM LANGUAGE TO MYTH ers, see as
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F ROM LANGUAGE TO MYTH sents itself
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Cadmos seeks his sister Europa, rav
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F ROM LANGUAGE TO MYTH of oppositio
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F ROM LANGUAGE TO MYTH blood relati
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F ROM LANGUAGE TO MYTH spected, and
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F ROM LANGUAGE TO MYTH It means tha
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S EARCH- SPACES AND STRUCTURES peat
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S EARCH- SPACES AND STRUCTURES or n
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S EARCH- SPACES AND STRUCTURES betw
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CHAPTER VI ANACLASTIC SUPPLEMENTS i
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T HE SUPPLEMENT We now have an answ
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T HE SUPPLEMENT Furthermore, let su
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T HE SUPPLEMENT bers of ~C and AB.
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T HE SUPPLEMENT the three sets A, B
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T HE SUPPLEMENT Notice, again, that
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F ORM AND CONTENT very word “stru
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F ORM AND CONTENT that the former p
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F ORM AND CONTENT completely differ
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F ORM AND CONTENT pressing games, e
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S TRUCTURE AND SUBSTANCE This does
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S TRUCTURE AND SUBSTANCE classical
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- Page 329: REFERENCES Adorno, Theodor, Hegel:
- Page 333 and 334: Hewson, John, “Saussure's Game of
- Page 335 and 336: Mirowski, Philip, “When Games Gro
- Page 337 and 338: Searle, John, The Rediscovery of th