Mujahideen Tactics in the Soviet-Afghan War - Bennett Park Raiders

Chapter 1, Vignette 16 Page 66
their captured Kalashnikovs and other trophies to Pakistan where they
would sell them and then give the money to their families to live on.
Although the popular concept of the Mujahideen combatant is a
hardened warrior clutching a Kalashnikov assault rifle, the most
important Mujahideen weapon in the conflict was the RPG-7 anti-tank
grenade launcher. This Soviet-manufactured, short-range weapon
allowed the Mujahideen to knock out tanks, trucks and, occasionally,
helicopters. The RPG was a great equalizer and a great weapon in an
ambush. Although the Mujahideen were light infantry, heavier crewserved
weapons gave them more range and staying power in a fight.
Mortars, rockets, recoilless rifles and heavy machine guns were essential
to the force that intended to hold its ground for a time against
mechanized Soviet and DRA forces.
The standard Soviet/DRA convoy had a group of armored vehicles at
the front of the convoy, more armored vehicles spaced evenly throughout
the convoy and another group of armored vehicles constituting a
rear guard. The convoy might have a helicopter or ground advance
guard or patrol sweep the route prior to movement. Sometimes a minedetection/clearing
force would precede the convoy, although mine-clearing
was usually the responsibility of the unit guarding the road and the
convoy would not start until the unit had given the "all clear."
Sometimes a convoy would have artillery groups move within the
column and "leap-frog" to provide rapid, on-call fire support.
When hit, the convoy's standard reaction was to leave armored
vehicles inside the kill zone to return fire while the trucks drove out of
the kill zone. If the armored vehicles chased the ambushers away, the
convoy would continue. If the armored vehicles could not deal with the
ambush, helicopter gunships could usually drive the ambushers from
their positions. The convoy commander tried to maintain the movement
of his convoy and would not usually turn forces around to deal
with ambushes. Sometimes this meant that an ambush would split a
convoy. The Soviets and DRA seldom dismounted infantry to pursue
their ambushers since convoy movement had priority, and they seldom
had enough infantry accompanying the convoy to pursue the
Mujahideen into their neighborhood and overpower them.
The Mujahideen seldom hit the head of a column unless terrain
allowed them to bottle-up the column by doing so. The Mujahideen
preferred to hit the middle of the convoy where there were fewer
armored vehicles. If possible, they tried to seal off the section of convoy
they were attacking if they meant to loot it. Mujahideen usually
prepared fighting positions at the ambush site which enabled them to