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Figure 7: Institutional Arrangements for Forest Management TanzaniaSource: (Profor 2008, p.136.)5.3 Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism and itsorganisations/agenciesAmong the 21 ministries in Tanzania, it is the MNRT which specifically deals withnatural resources, its conservation and sustainable use. In addition to looking after thecountry‟s cultural resources and developing its tourism sector, the ministry occupiesitself with the development of appropriate policies, strategies and guidelines;formulation and enforcement of laws and regulations; and monitoring and evaluationof policies and laws within natural resource conservation and management (Ministryof Natural Resources and Tourism 2011). The ministry is divided into five sectoraldivisions: Antiquities, Fisheries, Tourism, Wildlife, and Forestry and Beekeeping, butit also hosts a number of parastatal organizations and agencies institutions whichsupport the Ministry in achieving its national objectives and Ministerial strategic plan.Those working with forest issues include: Tanzania Forestry Research Institute(TAFORI) which focuses on conducting, co-ordinating and promoting research onforestry issues and sustainable forest management; Forestry Training Institute (FTI)and Forestry Industries Training Institute (FITI), the former providing capacitybuilding within sustainable development and management of trees, forests, bee88
esources and the environment, and the latter on capacity building within woodprocessing industries such as logging; and Tanzania Tree Seed Agency (TTSA)which aims to provide high quality tree seeds for different uses, as well as providingtechnical support for raising seedlings (Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism2011).5.3.1 Forestry and Beekeeping DivisionAs one of the five sectoral divisions within the MNRT, the main responsibility of theFBD is the process of formulating and executing all legislation within forestry andbeekeeping. They also have the mandate over the country´s national forest reserves,and has authority over projects which serve the country as a whole, such as nationalforest plantations and water catchment forests (Milledge, Gelvas et al. 2007). Inaddition, they are the ones which collect revenue on forest operations and harvesting;issue licenses and permits regulating the harvest on forest products; provides trainingin forestry; and undertakes forest research (Profor 2008). The rules for revenuecollection are set by a variety of guidelines and regulations such as the CharcoalRegulations of 2006, Guidelines for Sustainable Harvesting and Trade in ForestProduce 2007 and the New Royalty Rates for Forest Products from 2007 (Sander,Peter et al. 2010).As with all national ministries and departments the FBD relies on state budgetallocation to finance its operation and activities. This allocation has historically beenvery low, for instance the recorded budget allocation to the forestry sector in 1998represented only 1% of the total Tanzanian budget (Forestry and Beekeeping Division1999). The Environment Sector Public Expenditure Review (PEER) of 2004highlighted this sectors, under-funding and the fact that actual disbursements did notmatch the sector requirements. For instance for the budget year 2001/2002 the FBDwas short by Tsh 59m (approximately $40.000) (The Vice-Presidents Office 2004).Therefore much of its funding comes from two other sources, namely donor countryfunding and revenue collection. As an indication of the importance of donor fundingcompared to state budget allocation for MNRT under which the FBD belong thebudget summary for the financial year 2004/2005 is presented here:89
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(NOT) A REDD LIGHT DISTRICT?REDD po
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DECLARATIONWe, Cecilie Dyngeland an
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AbstractThis study focuses on the g
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Table of ContentsCHAPTER ONE - INTR
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7.5.4 OFF-FARM INCOME 2027.5.5 REMI
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List of TablesTable 1: Land use dis
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List of Abbreviations and AcronymsC
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CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION1.1 Intro
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As a result of the ongoing REDD rea
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Brachystegia, Julbernardia and Isob
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livestock populations increase in T
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een trying to deal with the issue,
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under the CDM were afforestation an
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REDD+ “readiness” funding provi
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with the other FCPF countries (Unit
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Due to both limitations of time and
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4 How do they interact with local g
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the actors; (6) Outcomes and evalua
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influence the characteristics of th
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There are many examples of rules th
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for collective decision-making; bal
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2.1.5. Interactions between actors/
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2.2. Description of the Sustainable
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different income sources at a point
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Although income and livelihood are
Page 57 and 58: (4) Size of household: The size of
Page 59 and 60: a set of definitions to explain the
Page 61 and 62: country needs a robust forest monit
Page 63 and 64: may be equally important in determi
Page 65 and 66: transparency and the extra difficul
Page 67 and 68: access to motorized forest tools, s
Page 69 and 70: have the de jure right to restrict
Page 71 and 72: dwellers in the REDD process, in ma
Page 73 and 74: She argues that participation has b
Page 75 and 76: 2.3.7.2 Model of individualsIn disc
Page 77 and 78: location, such as a community or or
Page 79 and 80: External validity, on the other han
Page 81 and 82: 3.3.3 Semi-structured and structure
Page 83 and 84: Through survey research we needed t
Page 85 and 86: variables (Ys) and the explanatory
Page 87 and 88: All these components we felt clearl
Page 89 and 90: (Bryman 2008, p.118.), we followed
Page 91 and 92: Figure 5: Map over Kilosa DistrictL
Page 93 and 94: densely populated one with its 2622
Page 95 and 96: Figure 6: Agricultural production z
Page 97 and 98: establishment of more sisal estates
Page 99 and 100: are located, the total loss of fore
Page 101 and 102: communities such as the Maasai, Bar
Page 103 and 104: To sum up, Kilosa District can be c
Page 105 and 106: 5.1 Priority of environmental manag
Page 107: established with the enactment of E
Page 111 and 112: national forest reserves, i.e. both
Page 113 and 114: degradation (REDD)” is found, as
Page 115 and 116: The Forest Act thus sets the framew
Page 117 and 118: 5.4 Tanzania local structure for en
Page 119 and 120: the 1970s and 1980s. Firstly, as pa
Page 121 and 122: 5.4.3 District, Ward and Village Go
Page 123 and 124: Office and Regional Administration
Page 125 and 126: make sure the general population fo
Page 127 and 128: forest management activities by pla
Page 129 and 130: to the office within this period, w
Page 131 and 132: CHAPTER SIX - REDD IN TANZANIAIn th
Page 133 and 134: Analytical phaseEstablishing goals,
Page 135 and 136: Drivers 32 . Each working group is
Page 137 and 138: Table 8: Stakeholders involved in t
Page 139 and 140: esponsibilities with NEMC, which al
Page 141 and 142: cooperation with various academic i
Page 143 and 144: FORCONSULT‟s (2010) in-depth stud
Page 145 and 146: institutions (with the election of
Page 147 and 148: $500 million and lost governmental
Page 149 and 150: National FrameworkConsultationsNati
Page 151 and 152: Table 10: Zonal consultation proces
Page 153 and 154: together including government depar
Page 155 and 156: Modalities ofEstablishing andOperat
Page 157 and 158: Table 12: NGO REDD pilot projectsNG
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money, NGO‟s will adopt to the do
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REDD+ and provides them with perfor
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In the second phase, the consultati
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Figure 14: Proposed public structur
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countries can participate according
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the state administration, and budge
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Table 6.6 REDD in relation to exist
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6.3 Major challenges for an effecti
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view to be a precondition for a gra
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6.3.1.3 Coordination of activities
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coordination system among key stake
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6.3.2 Institutions governing the po
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that WMAs are completely overlooked
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6.3.2.2 Good Governance and Institu
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should have to adhere to the same s
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though, as some feel there has been
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CHAPTER SEVEN - LOCAL LIVELIHOODS A
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meaning that where households lived
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1 %28 %No formaleductaionPrimary71
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From Table 15 we can see that it is
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7.1.3 Physical capitalIn general, a
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The majority of people carried thei
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By looking at the three different v
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When compared to location, we see t
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The types of crops produced seemed
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primarily for consumption and only
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Lastly, it appeared that the lack o
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7.2.4 Off-farm activitiesIn the stu
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Table 35: Annual income sources by
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and Masugu were quite close to one
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political and social conditions wit
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Total household incomewere engaged
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not being able to tend to own incom
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livelihood strategies into two over
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In terms of income groups, less poo
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shocks and deforestation. Neverthel
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turning to other income sources as
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legal system within the district st
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egulations in place to deal with th
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In this chapter we have gone throug
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outline the project as a whole with
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Through the Rubeho Environmental Ac
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organizations and research agencies
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Key design issues for the issues fo
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al. 2011). A team of 5 permanent st
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this forest protection, however, va
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On this note, another main reason f
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As a final factor to take into cons
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less are also highly dependent on f
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Table 54: The authority viewed as b
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8.2.2.3 Stage two: Assessment and m
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have made for the forest 48 . Final
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When asked about the first option
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8.3. Existing RegimesAs emphasised,
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From the table above there are seve
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REDD+ will succeed in the other are
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project, both in terms of permanenc
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example given previously about anot
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The full participation of district
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mismanagement there would be. It wa
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suffering the most from such a proj
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However, some issues still prevail
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wonder how these experts would valu
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As the basis of which carbon paymen
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ecome explicit and can increase con
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It is also highly obvious that deal
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However, it is a concern as in some
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and sell forest products such as ch
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if Masugu seems to face most challe
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On the basis of the information we
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In terms of Efficiency there are al
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In addition we found that further n
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the case for the poorest people in
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9.2 RecommendationsWhen analyzing t
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ReferencesAbdallah, J. M. and G. G.
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Bryman, A. (2008). Social research
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Forconsult (2010). Modalities of es
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Kooiman, J. (1993). Modern governan
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Nathan, I., J. F. Lund, et al. (200
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Shishira, E. K., P. Z. Yanda, et al
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United Republic of Tanzania (2009).
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World Bank (2009). Tanzania: countr
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iii
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LANDA10. Please indicate the size o
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A21. Does any member of your househ
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HC1. Do you practice fire on your l
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B12. How would you rate your access
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(NB: READ THE MANUAL ON INCOME CARE
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II.STATE FORESTS (FORESTS UNDER STA
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IIb. STATE FORESTS (JOINT FOREST MA
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C24. Do you have any influence on t
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C34. Do you face any difficulties i
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1Very bad 2 Bad 3 Fair 4 Good 5 Ver
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SECTION D: Perceptions, attitudes a
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___________________________________
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1 The compensation will make me equ
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