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It is also highly obvious that dealing with the high demands and profitability ofcharcoal and charcoal production needs a larger focus than only within the selectedvillages and needs to be dealt with on a higher level, for instance by trying to tacklethe high demand from the urban areas and by better enforcing the legal obligationswhen producing charcoal.Although as of yet we found relative to no charcoal production in Lunenzi, this mightchange in the future if this profitability and demand still persist. For instance if theroads to and from Lunenzi improved it might see a change in the forest use, and asone of the villagers stated “if there were better roads where charcoal could betransported we would do it”. For as technologies and infrastructure currently has actedas a disincentive for villagers in Lunenzi to participate much in forest extractingactivities, if these conditions are improved it might change their preferences andsubsequent activities within the forest.A final point which was raised by villagers was the need for TFCGs openness on whatbenefits they could expect, i.e. if they were promised a certain amount or a certaintype of compensation then they had to deliver it so as to not create false hopes andmistrust.The balance here can however be very difficult to set. On the one hand in order tomotivate the villagers to participate and to manage their forests sustainably the futurepromise on carbon payments will naturally work as an incentive. However, given thenature of a performance based payment system, regardless of their efforts, if the issueof leakage is not dealt with properly then these villagers will get very low returns fortheir efforts. If coupled with the high transaction costs which a performance basedsystem entails the returns will be even lower.We see that people in different locations face different challenges in terms of driversof deforestation, whether from within the villages or from outside people. This fact isvery important to take into consideration when the pilot attempts to deal with these.Also, people do not only use the forest when they don‟t have any other opportunitiesto generate and income or alternative ways of accessing for instance energy orbuilding materials. It also has a factor of relative profitability, wherein given anindividual calculation of effort and time spent compared to output a choice of incomegenerating activity is selected. This brings us to the issue of opportunity costs, which269