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some timber being transported by bicycles, either to the roadside to be sold, ordirectly to Kilosa town.Secondly, the forest where charcoal and timber is taken from is easily accessible dueto unclear land tenure, thus restricting neither access nor use. We were told aboutpeople coming from outside the village to extract timber or to produce charcoal. Forinstance one respondent told the story about a women coming into the village fromtown to produce charcoal and after living there for a while had earned enough moneyto be able to go back to Kilosa Town and open up a shop. Such extraction of forestproducts seemed to be regarded as accepted behaviour. This coupled with the inabilityof the District Forest Officers to enforce district and national rules on forest productslicensing and permits, 44 makes it relatively easy to carry out these activities. Becausethe task of producing charcoal is still very physically demanding and as a result noteveryone is able or willing to do it, and although the district forest officers cannotcover all areas within their jurisdiction many did fear that they would get caught ifthey tried to transport their produce into Kilosa Town which would result in themlosing their bags of charcoal and also risk strict sanctions such as fines or in worstcase legal action.Thirdly, there has been a steady rise in the prices of charcoal and for those taking theirbags to be sold in Kilosa Town, which many in Masugu did, where one could getbetween 6 to 10 dollars within the right season. Thus given these factors it has madefor a good environment for charcoal production, something which is less so for Nyaliand Lunenzi. For instance Nyali is located further away from Kilosa Town anddepends heavily on middlemen coming to their village to buy their agriculturalproduce which means they get a much smaller price for their output, includingcharcoal. Lunenzi is even more remote, and as we will discuss in more detail at a laterstage has a much more functional forest management system in place which limitstheir use. As we have seen they also have access to more agricultural land and onaverage has a bigger output than in Masugu.44 Given the lack of resources, a chronic lack of staffing exists. For those already employed, limitedfunds for patrols are provided making it difficult to fulfill their obligations.190