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View/Open - Sokoine University of Agriculture

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(4) Size <strong>of</strong> household: The size <strong>of</strong> the household can be <strong>of</strong> significance if thehousehold members are <strong>of</strong> a productive age. If the household consists <strong>of</strong> many adultmembers it could then be interesting to include it as a variable in a regressionanalysis. The sex <strong>of</strong> the members might also play a role here in terms <strong>of</strong> the genderdivision <strong>of</strong> labour.(5) Ethnicity: is <strong>of</strong> relevance in areas where place <strong>of</strong> origin can be important regardingforest dependence. This can be complicated and difficult to establish, but in somecases migrants do not have the skills, experience and tradition <strong>of</strong> forest productcollection. It could also be the opposite way around where due to lack <strong>of</strong> otheropportunities such as available land, forest products may serve as “employment <strong>of</strong> lastresort”.Beyond the individual and household level, a number <strong>of</strong> factors at the village, district,or even national level are important determine factors <strong>of</strong> forest dependence (Vedeld,Angelsen et al. 2004). Such factors include access to markets, population density,legal framework, agro-ecological conditions, social institutions and different policyand legal frameworks. The availability <strong>of</strong> environmental resources <strong>of</strong>ten variessubstantially between locations. If the household is located in a moist climate inNepal or an arid in Tanzania therefore affect the potential production possibilities forthe household. Such ecological variations can furthermore impact income possibilitiesin agriculture, where there can be a need to resort to forest products. In addition, thepopulation-environmental nexus are important topics, especially in highly populatedareas with fewer resources per capita. Within this framework, the institutions may beboth formal and informal (Ibid).Both the resource regime framework and the sustainable livelihood approach will beused in accordance with our objectives. Table 3 shows which approaches are usedwhere. For the first objective, the resource regime framework will be used to look atREDD as a resource regime on a national level. In objective two we look at locallivelihoods in the pilot project and will in this respect use the sustainable livelihoodapproach to do so. Lastly in objective three we use our findings and knowledgegained from objective one and two to evaluate the pilot project.37

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