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1 %28 %No formaleductaionPrimary71 %secondaryFigure 17: Level of education, Kilosa District, Tanzania, 2010The education levels in the study area are thus generally low although households inLunenzi tended to have better education with 78 % of the household heads havingsome primary school education compared to 75 % in Nyali and 63 % in Masugu.There is a significant negative relationship between age and education (p = 0.000).The low education levels were attributed to previous lack of secondary schools in thewards. This has changed and all now have access to both primary and secondaryeducation, mostly due to government programmes that assist communities in buildingschools. However, people emphasised the poor quality of the education due to chroniclack of books and teachers.7.1.1.3 Health and labourLabour as an asset is also made more effective by reducing incidents of illness orhealth problems. Large households have an advantage since the size reduces theimpact of diseases (Ellis 2000). In the study area, typical diseases were stomachproblems, especially diarrhea during the rainy seasons, and coughing in the dryseasons. Malaria was the biggest threat and occurred throughout the year but mostlyin the wet seasons. There were no dispensaries in the villages so when someone gotseriously ill they had to go to the ward hospitals. Here, people however complainedabout lack of medicines and poor treatment.175