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egulations, prohibitions and rights to forest resource use, 3) economic instruments,providing economical incentives or disincentives such as taxes, subsidies or quotasand permits for use and extraction of forest resources, and 4) pedagogic instruments,whether through providing general information on for instance the important offorests, through particular information campaigns to deal with for instance specificdrivers of deforestation and extension services helping with for instance sustainableforest management (Vedeld 2002). Not only will the formation and presentation ofthis policy package affect the response and acceptance (legitimacy) from variousactors, but its set up will also influence the ability of REDD to achieve the 3Es,climate effectiveness, cost efficiency and equity outcomes, as well as its ability todeliver of its stated co-benefits.2.3.4 Forests as the environmental resource under REDDWhen analysing environmental governance through the form of REDD, and as laidforward by the Resource Regime Framework, an important aspect which needs to belooked at is the environmental resource itself. In the case of REDD this then concernsforest. Like any other resource forests have their specific dynamics andcharacteristics. On the one hand forests and their resources are stationary or nonmobilein nature, which makes them easier to demarcate and handle than mobileresources such as fisheries and wildlife management. On the other hand thoughforests are characterized by what is called indivisibility meaning that they cannot bedivided into small forest patches without destroying or deteriorating the ecosystemand ecological services which the forests possess, unlike for instance agriculturalproduction which can divide land without losing its productivity (Kant and Berry2001).In addition, forests do not exist in exclusion from its surroundings and humansettlement, infrastructure and available technology might gravely affect the foreststate. For instance, if a forest is far away from people and bad infrastructure makes ithard to access it might be very dense and in a good state which further makes itdifficult to enter and use. Alternately a degraded forest might make it easier to utilizegiven that it is less thick, and if located close to human settlements or a road it will bealso more accessible and prone to further degradation. In addition, if people have46