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degree of influence and power between them. For as there are actors belonging todifferent coalitions and networks, at different scales and arenas, whether state or nonstate actors, private or public, on a local, regional or national level, so do they vary ininfluence and power. And the power relation between them might be equallysignificant as it will play a part in deciding which actors get their viewpoints acrossand which don‟t. (Vatn and Angelsen 2009). Given the multitude of actors and theinteraction between them the process of decision-making does not necessarily lead tooptimal outcomes, and creating a most effective, efficient and equitable REDDregime is not a given. For instance high levels of involvement and commitment fromvarious actors, such as key ministries such as the VPO-Doe and MNRT-FBD as wellas the Finance Department, Energy and Mining Ministry and Agriculture andLivestock Ministry, relevant state and local NGOs and CBOs, and indigenous andforest dwelling communities, when developing a national REDD is seen as aprerequisite for a successful REDD. In many instances through, getting thiscommitment, being able to coordinate, consult, and create agreement among allstakeholders has proven to be lacking and very difficult to do, as it often requires verydifficult compromises to be made (Vatn and Angelsen 2009).There are particularly four types of national governance structures for REDD that hasbeen put forward in the international literature on REDD. Those are (1) amarket/project based system, (2) a fund outside the national administration, (3) fundin national state administration, and (4) budget support 6 , all of which focus on where(and through whom) the international funding will be channelled before it reaches thepeople on the ground. Vatn and Vedeld (2011) analyses these four options based onthe 3E+ criteria: climate effectiveness, cost efficiency and equity outcomes, as well astheir possibility to deliver on the stated co-benefits of REDD. Their analysis looks atresearch and evaluations of the four options done by various authors within the REDDliterature, as well as draws on experiences of previous environmental governanceschemes and structures as REDD itself is so new that extracting much practicalexperience and knowledge from it is limiting. An outline of his discussion is whatfollows, however, it is also important to keep in mind the national conditions which6 This is besides the direct project support and/or “nested” approach which would not go through anynational structure.42