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Table of ContentsCHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION 11.1 INTRODUCTION 11.2 BACKGROUND 41.2.1 FOREST SITUATION TANZANIA 41.2.2 EVOLUTION OF LAND AND FOREST MANAGEMENT IN TANZANIA 71.2.3 EVOLUTION OF REDD 101.2.4 REDD IN TANZANIA 141.3 POVSUS – REDD AND TFCG 161.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT AND JUSTIFICATION 171.4.1 OBJECTIVES AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS 181.5 STRUCTURE OF THESIS 19CHAPTER TWO – THEORETICAL APPROACHES 202.1 A RESOURCE REGIME FRAMEWORK 202.1.1 ATTRIBUTES OF THE RESOURCES, AVAILABLE INFRASTRUCTURE AND TECHNOLOGY 212.1.2 INSTITUTIONS 222.1.3 RESOURCE REGIME 242.1.4 ACTORS AND GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE 262.1.5. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ACTORS/PATTERN OF INTERACTION: 292.1.6 OUTCOMES 292.2. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD APPROACH 312.2.1 FOREST INCOME, SLA AND REDD 322.2.2 LINKS BETWEEN SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AND FOREST DEPENDENCE 362.3 ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE IN THE FORM OF REDD 382.3.1. REDD ON A GLOBAL LEVEL 402.3.2. NATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL OPTIONS AND POLITICAL ACTORS 412.3.3. SUB-INSTITUTIONS AND POLICY APPROACHES 452.3.4 FORESTS AS THE ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE UNDER REDD 462.3.5 FOREST PROPERTY REGIME 482.3.6 ECONOMICAL ACTORS OF FOREST RESOURCES 492.3.7 OSTROM´S DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND CLEAVERS´ ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPATION 51CHAPTER THREE – METHODS 563.1 STUDY DESIGN 563.2 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY 583.3 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION 593.3.1 LITERATURE REVIEW 603.3.2 PARTICIPANT OBSERVATIONS 603.3.3 SEMI-STRUCTURED AND STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS 613.3.4 FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS 613.3.5 SURVEY RESEARCH, SITE SELECTION AND SAMPLING 623.4 DATA ANALYSIS 633.4.1 CALCULATION OF INCOMES 643.4.2 STATISTICAL TESTS 643.5 LIMITATIONS AND CHALLENGES 653.6 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 68CHAPTER FOUR – LOCAL STUDY AREA 70v