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DECLARATIONWe, Cecilie Dyngeland and Håvard Almeida Eriksson, declare that this thesis is theresult of our research and sources of information other than our own have beenacknowledged. This work has not been previously submitted to any other universitythan the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB) for award of any type ofacademic degree.Date: _____________________ Date: ____________________Signature: _____________________ Signature: ____________________Cecilie DyngelandHåvard Almeida Erikssoni
Page 2 and 3: (NOT) A REDD LIGHT DISTRICT?REDD po
Page 6: AcknowledgementsOur deepest gratitu
Page 10: Key terms:Reduced Emissions from De
Page 13 and 14: 4.1 POPULATION 724.2 VEGETATION, WI
Page 16 and 17: List of FiguresFigure 1: Map over T
Page 18 and 19: Table 34: Total household income an
Page 20 and 21: PFMPFRAPMO-RALGPRAREDDR-PINRRASLASU
Page 22 and 23: As a result, the concept of Reduced
Page 24 and 25: 1.2 BackgroundTanzania, which is lo
Page 26 and 27: even in comparison with the rest of
Page 28 and 29: Table 2: Forest loss divided by for
Page 30 and 31: The three main objectives of PFM in
Page 32 and 33: crucial role of reducing emission f
Page 34 and 35: 1.2.4 REDD in TanzaniaCurrently, Ta
Page 36 and 37: To sum up, together with Tanzania
Page 38 and 39: empirically in relationship to our
Page 40 and 41: CHAPTER TWO - THEORETICAL APPROACHE
Page 42 and 43: introduce new technologies such as
Page 44 and 45: 2.1.3 Resource regimeThe regime con
Page 46 and 47: suitable for different social setti
Page 48 and 49: Political actors; preferences,actio
Page 50 and 51: Effectiveness, refers to the extent
Page 52 and 53: Chambers 3 , who was a prominent cr
Page 54 and 55:
Figure 4: The Livelihood FrameworkS
Page 56 and 57:
Poverty reduction - Forest products
Page 58 and 59:
Table 3: The progress for theoretic
Page 60 and 61:
2.3.1. REDD on a global levelOn an
Page 62 and 63:
degree of influence and power betwe
Page 64 and 65:
The arguments for this option is it
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egulations, prohibitions and rights
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forest (Vatn and Vedeld 2011). How
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When looking at economical actors t
Page 72 and 73:
Table 4: Modified design principles
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administrative boundaries. She furt
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CHAPTER THREE - METHODSIn this chap
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impact of that technology has been
Page 80 and 81:
Appraisal (RRA) that derived from r
Page 82 and 83:
active use of focus group discussio
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3.4.1 Calculation of incomesAccordi
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eaches you, and it can also cause f
Page 88 and 89:
picture as close to reality as poss
Page 90 and 91:
CHAPTER FOUR - LOCAL STUDY AREAAs o
Page 92 and 93:
The topography of the district vari
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year to year, falling in two period
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2006/2007 Kilosa District had to im
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where it is not established whether
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the unsustainable use of Kilosas fo
Page 102 and 103:
the District Committee in 2009 evic
Page 104 and 105:
CHAPTER FIVE - TANZANIA NATIONAL ST
Page 106 and 107:
5.2 Office of the Vice-PresidentThe
Page 108 and 109:
Figure 7: Institutional Arrangement
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Table 5: Budget summary for ministr
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it also encourages local participat
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those districts having LAFRs it oft
Page 116 and 117:
The only real difference in the pro
Page 118 and 119:
In order to get the clearest pictur
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in their respective areas of jurisd
Page 122 and 123:
encompass at least one-fourth of fe
Page 124 and 125:
This land falls under state propert
Page 126 and 127:
However, PFM places great emphasis
Page 128 and 129:
Table 7: Kilosa District Department
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must do is apply the District Counc
Page 132 and 133:
By this we can identify the institu
Page 134 and 135:
From the start, it was important to
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The REDD Task force and the REDD in
Page 138 and 139:
6.1.1.3 Stakeholder analysisThe dif
Page 140 and 141:
these officers work with are primar
Page 142 and 143:
Global networks are not necessarily
Page 144 and 145:
Table 9: Various stakeholders’ in
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solution. In the last section of a
Page 148 and 149:
In the analytical phase, we then ha
Page 150 and 151:
1. REDD institutional arrangements
Page 152 and 153:
To ensure a secure land tenure syst
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Republic of Tanzania 2010). In 2009
Page 156 and 157:
6.1.3.2 Pilot projectsFrom the star
Page 158 and 159:
Figure 13: Map over REDD+ Pilot Pro
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supportive projects and programmes
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approach to conservation, and a Eas
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concerns are; corruption, poor inte
Page 166 and 167:
activities. In this sense, it will
Page 168 and 169:
For a while there has been on-going
Page 170 and 171:
where at the district and ward leve
Page 172 and 173:
As mentioned, Tanzania came out wit
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that they with a draft strategy wil
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and societal actors” (Berger 2003
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2010). So far, the TF has been gett
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(remote) communities and help creat
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ules and regulations in place and c
Page 184 and 185:
most likely pose new challenges. Th
Page 186 and 187:
money in a competent way. For insta
Page 188 and 189:
Embassy is working together with ot
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people which come from outside thes
Page 192 and 193:
Table 13: Socio-economic factors by
Page 194 and 195:
Figure 16: Level of worker/consumer
Page 196 and 197:
As seen, there are substantial vari
Page 198 and 199:
Here we see that it is still the ho
Page 200 and 201:
Another interesting finding is that
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N = 180, * indicates significantly
Page 204 and 205:
Most people consider their village
Page 206 and 207:
households in the study area. Howev
Page 208 and 209:
might think that more wealthy house
Page 210 and 211:
some timber being transported by bi
Page 212 and 213:
7.2.3 Non-farm activitiesIn the stu
Page 214 and 215:
7.5 OutcomesOut from the access to
Page 216 and 217:
7.5.1 Agricultural incomeOverall, a
Page 218 and 219:
7.5.2 Environmental incomeWithin th
Page 220 and 221:
Table 40: Forest environmental inco
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highest returns from them, they are
Page 224 and 225:
Table 41: How well-off households p
Page 226 and 227:
30.0025.0020.0015.0010.005.000.00Fi
Page 228 and 229:
Lunenzi had bigger households than
Page 230 and 231:
Table 45: Socio-economic factors to
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management authority of the Village
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living in the village, and rather t
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for a higher price. A common compla
Page 238 and 239:
CHAPTER EIGHT - EVALUATION OF TFCG
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conservation, and the development o
Page 242 and 243:
experience with the two districts,
Page 244 and 245:
8.2.1 Project ProgressAfter roughly
Page 246 and 247:
Following this line of thought, the
Page 248 and 249:
Agricultural and Livestock Office a
Page 250 and 251:
Table 48: Awareness of project by t
Page 252 and 253:
we encountered as well, and whereas
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the ones most willing to not cultiv
Page 256 and 257:
8.2.2.2.2 Management authority unde
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management responsibility which als
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levels had increased after Masugu j
Page 262 and 263:
Overall, the level of participation
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they might then be able to substitu
Page 266 and 267:
758865Nyali Lunenzi Masugu Lumango
Page 268 and 269:
Lumango scores lower than both Lune
Page 270 and 271:
Table 58: Experiences from PFM in T
Page 272 and 273:
8.4.1 ParticipationThe first challe
Page 274 and 275:
REDD is fully implemented and if be
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occur as a result of REDD, some iss
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and establish a monitoring system t
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financing carbon co-operative based
Page 282 and 283:
8.45 Monitoring, Reporting and Veri
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The bigger the forest, the more inc
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on forest conservation and environm
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thus reduce the need of having to c
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we will now discuss as a factor whi
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8.5 Concluding remarks and overall
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quarrels with Maasai pastoralists w
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unsustainable forest use, thus maki
Page 298 and 299:
As a final summarising point we put
Page 300 and 301:
CHAPTER NINE - CONCLUSION ANDRECOMM
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What we found, was a somewhat “ov
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handle within a REDD project. Eithe
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286
Page 308 and 309:
Benjaminsen, T. A., F. P. Maganga,
Page 310 and 311:
Cotula, L. (2009). Land grab or dev
Page 312 and 313:
Hydén, G. (2006). "Beyond Governan
Page 314 and 315:
Ministry of Natural Resources and T
Page 316 and 317:
Prime Ministers Office and Regional
Page 318 and 319:
The REDD Desk (2011). "The REDD+ Ta
Page 320 and 321:
Vatn, A. and P. Vedeld (2011). Gett
Page 322:
APPENDIXAppendix 1: Village Sketch
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Appendix 2: Questionnaire for the h
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A16What is the most important sourc
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assessing the local livelihood outc
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B9. How do you feed your livestock
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B16a. If „bad‟ or „very bad
Page 337 and 338:
e dealt with in the PRA interviews.
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1 My/our interests are not taken in
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2 Clear boundaries/outsiders are ke
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them always them mostly follow them
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C35a. If „somewhat dissatisfied
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9 Creates opportunities for corrupt
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D4. How satisfied are you with thes
Page 351 and 352:
SECTION E: Pre-REDD AnalysisThe aim
Page 353:
Appendix 3: List of IntervieweesNam
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